gov.noaa.nodc:0190072 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-02-06T13:00:34Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Database Version 2019 (SOCATv2019) (NCEI Accession 0190072) 2019-06-18 publication 2025-06-25 revision 2019-06-10 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.25921/cpbz-qa92 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0190072 NCEI Archive Management System 0190072 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Dorothee C. E. Bakker University of East Anglia (UEA) D.Bakker@uea.ac.uk https://www.uea.ac.uk/ HTTPS University of East Anglia (UEA) website Institution web page information resourceProvider University of East Anglia, School of Environmental Sciences resourceProvider Dorothee Bakker University of East Anglia, School of Environmental Sciences D.Bakker@uea.ac.uk principalInvestigator Siv K. Lauvset University of Bergen sivk@norceresearch.no principalInvestigator Rik Wanninkhof NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) Rik.Wanninkhof@noaa.gov https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Kevin O'Brien University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) kevin.m.o'brien@noaa.gov https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Are Olsen Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research Are.Olsen@gfi.uib.no https://bjerknes.uib.no/ HTTPS Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Benjamin Pfeil Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research Benjamin.Pfeil@gfi.uib.no https://bjerknes.uib.no/ HTTPS Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Rocío Castaño-Primo Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research Rocio.Primo@uib.no https://bjerknes.uib.no/ HTTPS Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Kim I. Currie National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Limited (NIWA) kim.currie@niwa.co.nz http://www.niwa.cri.nz HTTP National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Limited (NIWA) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Steve D. Jones University of Bergen, Geophysical Institute (GFI) steve.jones@uib.no http://www.uib.no/gfi HTTP University of Bergen, Geophysical Institute (GFI) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Maren K. Karlsen Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research https://bjerknes.uib.no/ HTTPS Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Alex Kozyr NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) Alex.Kozyr@noaa.gov principalInvestigator nicolas metzl Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) nicolas.metzl@locean-ipsl.upmc.fr https://www.locean.ipsl.fr/ HTTPS Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) nakaoka.shinichiro@nies.go.jp principalInvestigator Denis Pierrot Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) denis.pierrot@noaa.gov https://cimas.earth.miami.edu/ HTTPS Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Karl Smith NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) karl.smith@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Kevin F. Sullivan Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) Kevin.Sullivan@noaa.gov https://cimas.earth.miami.edu/ HTTPS Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Adrienne Sutton NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) Adrienne.Sutton@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Colm Sweeney NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) Colm.Sweeney@noaa.gov https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Taro Takahashi Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/ HTTP Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Maciej Telszewski International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project principalInvestigator Bronte Tilbrook Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Bronte.Tilbrook@csiro.au principalInvestigator Chisato Wada National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) wada.chisato@nies.go.jp principalInvestigator Yukihiro Nojiri National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) collaborator Vassilis Kitidis Plymouth Marine Laboratory vak@pml.ac.uk http://www.pml.ac.uk/ HTTP Plymouth Marine Laboratory website Institution web page information collaborator Uwe Send Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) usend@ucsd.edu https://scripps.ucsd.edu/ HTTPS Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) website Institution web page information collaborator Tsuneo Ono National Research Institute of Fisheries Science (NRIFS) ono_tsuneo65@fra.go.jp https://nrifs.fra.affrc.go.jp/index_e.html HTTPS National Research Institute of Fisheries Science (NRIFS) website Institution web page information collaborator Truls Johannessen Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research truls.johannessen@gfi.uib.no https://bjerknes.uib.no/ HTTPS Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research website Institution web page information collaborator Toste Tanhua GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) ttanhua@ifm-geomar.de http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information collaborator Tom Trull Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) tom.trull@csiro.au collaborator Tim Papakyriakou University of Manitoba, 584 Wallace Building, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada collaborator Tim Newberger University of Colorado Boulder, Cooperative Institute for Research In Environmental Sciences (CIRES) Tim.Newberger@noaa.gov https://cires.colorado.edu/ HTTPS University of Colorado Boulder, Cooperative Institute for Research In Environmental Sciences (CIRES) website Institution web page information collaborator Thanos Gkritzalis Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) thanosg@vliz.be http://www.vliz.be HTTP Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) website Institution web page information collaborator Sören Gutekunst GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) sgutekunst@geomar.de http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information collaborator Solveig Olafsdottir Icelandic Marine Research Institute (MRI) solveig.rosa.olafsdottir@hafogvatn.is https://www.hafogvatn.is/ HTTPS Icelandic Marine Research Institute (MRI) website Institution web page information collaborator Susan Hartman National Oceanography Centre, Southampton (NOCS), UK s.hartman@noc.ac.uk collaborator Stewart C. Sutherland Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) suth@ldeo.columbia.edu http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/ HTTP Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) website Institution web page information collaborator Simone R. Alin NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) simone.r.alin@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information collaborator Ryan J. Woosley Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) http://www.mit.edu/ HTTP Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) website Institution web page information collaborator Robert Weller Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information collaborator Richard Feely NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) Richard.A.Feely@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information collaborator Reiner Schlitzer Alfred-Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) https://www.awi.de/ HTTPS Alfred-Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) website Institution web page information collaborator Nichole N. Price Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences http://www.bigelow.org/ HTTP Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences website Institution web page information collaborator Nathalie Lefevre Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) nathalie.lefevre@locean-ipsl.upmc.fr https://www.locean.ipsl.fr/ HTTPS Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) website Institution web page information collaborator Natalie Monacci University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) nmonacci@alaska.edu https://www.uaf.edu/ HTTPS University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) website Institution web page information collaborator Naomi Greenwood Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas) naomi.greenwood@cefas.co.uk https://www.cefas.co.uk/ HTTPS Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas) website Institution web page information collaborator Michael Tomlinson University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, HI, USA collaborator Michael Glockzin Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, 18119 Rostock, Germany collaborator Meike Becker GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) mbecker@geomar.de http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information collaborator Mark D. Ohman Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) mohman@ucsd.edu https://scripps.ucsd.edu/ HTTPS Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) website Institution web page information collaborator Margot Cronin Irish Marine Institute, Ireland collaborator Keizo Sakurai Japan Meteorological Agency, Climate and Maritime Meteorology Department seadata@met.kishou.go.jp collaborator Kazuaki Tadokoro Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Shiogama, Miyagi, 985-0001, Japan collaborator Julio M. Morell University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Department of Marine Sciences julio.morell@upr.edu https://www.uprm.edu/cima/ HTTPS University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Department of Marine Sciences website Institution web page information collaborator Julian Herndon University of Washington Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) Julian.Herndon@noaa.gov https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) website Institution web page information collaborator Joseph Salisbury University of New Hampshire (UNH) Joe.Salisbury@unh.edu collaborator Jorge E. Corredor University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Department of Marine Sciences jorge.corredor@upr.edu https://www.uprm.edu/cima/ HTTPS University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Department of Marine Sciences website Institution web page information collaborator John Mickett Applied Physics Laboratory, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105-6698, USA collaborator John Akl CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Hobart, Australia collaborator Jessica Cross NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) jessica.cross@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information collaborator Jan Newton University of Washington, Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) http://www.apl.washington.edu/ HTTP University of Washington, Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) website Institution web page information collaborator Juan Severino Pino Ibánhez IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Lago Sul, 71640-230 Brasilia, Brazil collaborator Ingunn Skjelvan NORCE Norwegian Research Centre insk@norceresearch.no https://www.norceresearch.no/en/ HTTPS NORCE Norwegian Research Centre website Institution web page information collaborator Gregor Rehder Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, 18119 Rostock, Germany collaborator Geun-Ha Park Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST) gpark@kiost.ac.kr http://www.kiost.ac.kr/eng.do HTTP Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST) website Institution web page information collaborator Frank J. Millero Department of Ocean Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149-1031, USA collaborator Eugene F. Burger NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) eugene.burger@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information collaborator Eric H. De Carlo University of Hawai'i at Mānoa (UHM) edecarlo@soest.hawaii.edu https://manoa.hawaii.edu/ HTTPS University of Hawai'i at Mānoa (UHM) website Institution web page information collaborator Douglas W. R. Wallace Dalhousie University douglas.wallace@dal.ca https://www.dal.ca/ HTTPS Dalhousie University website Institution web page information collaborator Douglas Vandemark University of New Hampshire (UNH) doug.vandemark@unh.edu collaborator David T. Ho University of Hawaii, Marine Laboratory david.ho@hawaii.edu collaborator DAVID MUNRO University of Colorado Boulder, Cooperative Institute for Research In Environmental Sciences (CIRES) david.munro@colorado.edu https://cires.colorado.edu/ HTTPS University of Colorado Boulder, Cooperative Institute for Research In Environmental Sciences (CIRES) website Institution web page information collaborator Dariia Atamanchuk Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada collaborator Craig Neill CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia collaborator Claire Lo Monaco Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) Claire.LoMonaco@locean-ipsl.upmc.fr https://www.locean.ipsl.fr/ HTTPS Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) website Institution web page information collaborator Christopher Hunt University of New Hampshire (UNH) chunt@unh.edu collaborator Charity M. Lee Ocean Policy Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), 787 Haeanro(Sadong) Sangnokgu, Ansan Gyunggido 15627, Republic of Korea collaborator Catherine Cosca NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) Cathy.Cosca@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information collaborator Ansley B. Manke NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information collaborator Andrew Collins University of Washington Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) andrew.collins@noaa.gov https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) website Institution web page information collaborator Andreas Andersson Scripps Institute of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0218 USA collaborator Alice Benoit-Cattin Marine and Freshwater Research Institute (MFRI) alice.benoit-cattin@hafogvatn.is https://www.hafogvatn.is/ HTTPS Marine and Freshwater Research Institute (MFRI) website Institution web page information collaborator abdirahman omar Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research https://bjerknes.uib.no/ HTTPS Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research website Institution web page information collaborator Bakker, Dorothee C. E. University of East Anglia, School of Environmental Sciences author Lauvset, Siv K. University of Bergen author Wanninkhof, Rik NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information author O'Brien, Kevin M. University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) website Institution web page information author Olsen, Are Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research https://bjerknes.uib.no/ HTTPS Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research website Institution web page information author Pfeil, Benjamin Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research https://bjerknes.uib.no/ HTTPS Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research website Institution web page information author Castaño-Primo, Rocío Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research https://bjerknes.uib.no/ HTTPS Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research website Institution web page information author Currie, Kim I. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Limited (NIWA) kim.currie@niwa.co.nz http://www.niwa.cri.nz HTTP National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Limited (NIWA) website Institution web page information author Jones, Steve D. University of Bergen, Geophysical Institute (GFI) http://www.uib.no/gfi HTTP University of Bergen, Geophysical Institute (GFI) website Institution web page information author Karlsen, Maren K. Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research https://bjerknes.uib.no/ HTTPS Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research website Institution web page information author Kozyr, Alex NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) author Metzl, Nicolas Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) https://www.locean.ipsl.fr/ HTTPS Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) website Institution web page information author Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) author Pierrot, Denis Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) https://cimas.earth.miami.edu/ HTTPS Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) website Institution web page information author Smith, Karl NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Sullivan, Kevin F. Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) Kevin.Sullivan@noaa.gov https://cimas.earth.miami.edu/ HTTPS Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) website Institution web page information author Sutton, Adrienne J. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Sweeney, Colm NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) website Institution web page information author Takahashi, Taro Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/ HTTP Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) website Institution web page information author Telszewski, Maciej International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project author Tilbrook, Bronte Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) author Wada, Chisato National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) wada.chisato@nies.go.jp author Akl, John CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Hobart, Australia author Alin, Simone R. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Andersson, Andreas Scripps Institute of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0218 USA author Atamanchuk, Dariia Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada author Becker, Meike GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information author Benoit-Cattin, Alice Marine and Freshwater Research Institute (MFRI) alice.benoit-cattin@hafogvatn.is https://www.hafogvatn.is/ HTTPS Marine and Freshwater Research Institute (MFRI) website Institution web page information author Burger, Eugene F. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Collins, Andrew University of Washington Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) andrew.collins@noaa.gov https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) website Institution web page information author Corredor, Jorge E. University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Department of Marine Sciences jorge.corredor@upr.edu https://www.uprm.edu/cima/ HTTPS University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Department of Marine Sciences website Institution web page information author Cosca, Catherine E. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Cronin, Margot Irish Marine Institute, Ireland author Cross, Jessica N. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author De Carlo, Eric H. University of Hawai'i at Mānoa (UHM) edecarlo@soest.hawaii.edu https://manoa.hawaii.edu/ HTTPS University of Hawai'i at Mānoa (UHM) website Institution web page information author Feely, Richard A. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Gkritzalis, Thanos Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) http://www.vliz.be HTTP Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) website Institution web page information author Glockzin, Michael Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, 18119 Rostock, Germany author Greenwood, Naomi Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas) https://www.cefas.co.uk/ HTTPS Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas) website Institution web page information author Gutekunst, Sören GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) sgutekunst@geomar.de http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information author Hartman, Susan E. National Oceanography Centre, Southampton (NOCS), UK author Herndon, Julian University of Washington Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) website Institution web page information author Ho, David T. University of Hawaii, Marine Laboratory david.ho@hawaii.edu author Hunt, Christopher W. University of New Hampshire (UNH) author Ibánhez, J. Severino P. IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Lago Sul, 71640-230 Brasilia, Brazil author Johannessen, Truls Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research https://bjerknes.uib.no/ HTTPS Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research website Institution web page information author Kitidis, Vassilis Plymouth Marine Laboratory vak@pml.ac.uk http://www.pml.ac.uk/ HTTP Plymouth Marine Laboratory website Institution web page information author Lee, Charity M. Ocean Policy Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), 787 Haeanro(Sadong) Sangnokgu, Ansan Gyunggido 15627, Republic of Korea author Lefèvre, Nathalie Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) https://www.locean.ipsl.fr/ HTTPS Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) website Institution web page information author Lo Monaco, Claire Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) https://www.locean.ipsl.fr/ HTTPS Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) website Institution web page information author Manke, Ansley B. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Mickett, John Applied Physics Laboratory, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105-6698, USA author Millero, Frank J. Department of Ocean Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149-1031, USA author Monacci, Natalie M. University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) https://www.uaf.edu/ HTTPS University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) website Institution web page information author Morell, Julio M. University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Department of Marine Sciences julio.morell@upr.edu https://www.uprm.edu/cima/ HTTPS University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Department of Marine Sciences website Institution web page information author Munro, David R. University of Colorado Boulder, Cooperative Institute for Research In Environmental Sciences (CIRES) https://cires.colorado.edu/ HTTPS University of Colorado Boulder, Cooperative Institute for Research In Environmental Sciences (CIRES) website Institution web page information author Neill, Craig CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia author Newberger, Tim University of Colorado Boulder, Cooperative Institute for Research In Environmental Sciences (CIRES) Tim.Newberger@noaa.gov https://cires.colorado.edu/ HTTPS University of Colorado Boulder, Cooperative Institute for Research In Environmental Sciences (CIRES) website Institution web page information author Newton, Jan University of Washington, Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) http://www.apl.washington.edu/ HTTP University of Washington, Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) website Institution web page information author Nojiri, Yukihiro National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) author Ohman, Mark D. Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) https://scripps.ucsd.edu/ HTTPS Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) website Institution web page information author Ólafsdóttir, Sólveig Rósa Icelandic Marine Research Institute (MRI) https://www.hafogvatn.is/ HTTPS Icelandic Marine Research Institute (MRI) website Institution web page information author Omar, Abdirahman M. Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research https://bjerknes.uib.no/ HTTPS Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research website Institution web page information author Ono, Tsuneo National Research Institute of Fisheries Science (NRIFS) https://nrifs.fra.affrc.go.jp/index_e.html HTTPS National Research Institute of Fisheries Science (NRIFS) website Institution web page information author Papakyriakou, Tim University of Manitoba, 584 Wallace Building, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada author Park, Geun-Ha Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST) gpark@kiost.ac.kr http://www.kiost.ac.kr/eng.do HTTP Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST) website Institution web page information author Price, Nichole N. Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences http://www.bigelow.org/ HTTP Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences website Institution web page information author Rehder, Gregor Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, 18119 Rostock, Germany author Sakurai, Keizo Japan Meteorological Agency, Climate and Maritime Meteorology Department seadata@met.kishou.go.jp author Salisbury, Joseph E. University of New Hampshire (UNH) author Schlitzer, Reiner Alfred-Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) https://www.awi.de/ HTTPS Alfred-Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) website Institution web page information author Send, Uwe Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) https://scripps.ucsd.edu/ HTTPS Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) website Institution web page information author Skjelvan, Ingunn NORCE Norwegian Research Centre https://www.norceresearch.no/en/ HTTPS NORCE Norwegian Research Centre website Institution web page information author Sutherland, Stewart C. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) suth@ldeo.columbia.edu http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/ HTTP Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) website Institution web page information author Tadokoro, Kazuaki Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Shiogama, Miyagi, 985-0001, Japan author Tanhua, Toste GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information author Tomlinson, Michael University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, HI, USA author Trull, Tom Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) tom.trull@csiro.au author Vandemark, Douglas University of New Hampshire (UNH) doug.vandemark@unh.edu author Wallace, Douglas W. R. Dalhousie University douglas.wallace@dal.ca https://www.dal.ca/ HTTPS Dalhousie University website Institution web page information author Weller, Robert A. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information author Woosley, Ryan J. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) http://www.mit.edu/ HTTP Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) website Institution web page information author Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) https://www.locean.ipsl.fr/ HTTPS Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) website Institution web page information contributor NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) website Institution web page information contributor University of Otago http://www.otago.ac.nz/ HTTP University of Otago website Institution web page information contributor NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information contributor National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) contributor University of Bergen, Geophysical Institute (GFI) http://www.uib.no/gfi HTTP University of Bergen, Geophysical Institute (GFI) website Institution web page information contributor Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) contributor NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information contributor Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/ HTTP Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital This dataset consists of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) data product files. SOCAT is a synthesis activity by the international marine carbon research community and has more than 100 contributors worldwide. SOCAT provides access to synthesis and gridded, quality controlled, observational products of surface ocean fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) for the global oceans and coastal seas. SOCAT version 2019 has 25.7 million quality-controlled surface ocean fCO2 (fugacity of CO2) observations with an estimated accuracy of better than 5 μatm and a WOCE flag of 2 (good) from 1957 to 2017 from 1957 to 2019 for the global oceans and coastal seas. In addition, 1.7 million values with an estimated accuracy of 5 to 10 μatm are available. During quality control, marine scientists assign a flag to each data set, as well as WOCE flags of 2 (good), 3 (questionable) or 4 (bad) to individual fCO2 values. Data sets are assigned flags of A and B for an accuracy of better than 2 μatm, flags of C and D for an accuracy of better than 5 μatm and a flag of E for an accuracy of better than 10 μatm. Bakker et al. (2016) describe the quality control criteria used in SOCAT versions 3, 4, 5, 6 and 2019. Quality control comments for individual data sets can be accessed via the SOCAT Data Set Viewer. All data sets, where data quality has been deemed acceptable, have been made public. The main SOCAT synthesis files and the gridded products contain all data sets with an estimated accuracy of better than 5 µatm (flags of A to D) and fCO2 values with a flag of 2. Access to data sets with an estimated accuracy of 5 to 10 (flag of E) and fCO2 values with flags of 3 and 4 is via additional data products and the Data Set Viewer (Table 8 in Bakker et al., 2016). SOCAT publishes a global gridded product with a 1° longitude by 1° latitude resolution. A second product with a higher resolution of 0.25° longitude by 0.25° latitude is available for the coastal seas. Gridded products are available monthly, per year and per decade. Two powerful, interactive, online viewers, the Data Set Viewer and the Gridded Data Viewer (www.socat.info), enable investigation of the SOCAT synthesis and gridded data products. SOCAT data products can be downloaded. Matlab code is available for reading these files. Ocean Data View also provides access to the SOCAT data products (www.socat.info). SOCAT data products are discoverable, accessible and citable. SOCAT versions 3 to 2019 should be cited as Bakker et al., 2016 (until a publication on versions 4 to 2019 is published). The SOCAT Fair Data Use Statement (www.socat.info) asks users to generously acknowledge the contribution of SOCAT scientists by invitation to co-authorship, especially for data providers in regional studies, and/or reference to relevant scientific articles. The SOCAT website (www.socat.info) provides a single access point for online viewers, downloadable data sets, the Fair Data Use Statement, a list of contributors and an overview of scientific publications on and using SOCAT. Automation of data upload and initial data checks allows annual releases of SOCAT from version 4 onwards. SOCAT enables quantification of the ocean carbon sink and ocean acidification, as well as evaluation of sensor data and ocean biogeochemical models. More than 260 peer-reviewed scientific publications and 80 high-impact reports cite SOCAT. SOCAT represents a milestone in biogeochemical and climate research. SOCAT informs policy and high-profile climate negotiations. Maintenance and annual updates of the SOCAT product require sustained funding and community involvement. To provide the synthesis and gridded, quality controlled, observational products of surface ocean fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) for the global oceans and coastal seas Funding Information: Ocean Observing and Monitoring Division of NOAA's Climate Program Office, EU, NSF, Japan Climate Research Programs (Surface Water pCO2 measurements from ships; High-Resolution Ocean and Atmosphere pCO2 Time-Series Measurements) completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded NCEI Accession 0190072 was revised and a new version of the archival package was published. Updates to existing archival packages may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. The latest version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. Please see journal.txt in the /about directory for additional details on changes made. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0190072 Preview graphic PNG 0190072 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2019-12-10 publication BAROMETRIC PRESSURE Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water SALINITY - SURFACE WATER SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS barometric pressure sensor showerhead equilibrator temperature sensor instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS chemical meteorological physical surface measurements underway theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS VARIOUS CHARTERED VESSELS platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory National Institute for Environmental Studies NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory University of Bergen, Geophysical Institute University of Otago dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS University of East Anglia, School of Environmental Sciences dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Ship of Opportunity Programme (SOOP) project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Arctic Ocean Baltic Sea Caribbean Sea Gulf of Mexico Indian Ocean Mediterranean Sea North Atlantic Ocean North Pacific Ocean South Atlantic Ocean South Pacific Ocean Southern Ocean place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication COLUMBIA/LDEO > Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University DOC/NOAA/OAR/AOML > Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, OAR, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce DOC/NOAA/OAR/PMEL > Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, OAR, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce JP/NIES > National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan U-BERGEN/GEOPH > Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project project Ocean Acidification Search Keywords Coastal Carbon Project Moorings and Time Series project SOOP project Reference Section ID Coastal Carbon Project Moorings and Time Series Project Ship Of Opportunity Program (SOOP) project Research Projects EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY > CARBON AND HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS > ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE > PARTIAL PRESSURE OF CARBON DIOXIDE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE EARTH SCIENCE > CLIMATE INDICATORS > ATMOSPHERIC/OCEAN INDICATORS > SURFACE SALINITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBON DIOXIDE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Data synthesis product Surface underway theme OCADS Study Type SOCAT SOCATv2019 Data Synthesis Product SOCATv2019 database SOCATv2019 gridded data product theme Provider Keywords ATM_PPRE EQ_PRE EQ_TMP SSS SST fCO2 theme Provider Variable Abbreviations BAROMETERS > BAROMETERS EQUILIBRATORS TEMPERATURE SENSORS > TEMPERATURE SENSORS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian OCEAN > ARCTIC OCEAN OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > BALTIC SEA OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > CARIBBEAN SEA OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > GULF OF AMERICA OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > GULF OF MEXICO OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > MEDITERRANEAN SEA OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN OCEAN > INDIAN OCEAN OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Arctic Ocean Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean Pacific Ocean Southern Ocean place Provider Geographic Names accessLevel: Public otherRestrictions Cite as: Bakker, Dorothee C. E.; Lauvset, Siv K.; Wanninkhof, Rik; O'Brien, Kevin M.; Olsen, Are; Pfeil, Benjamin; Castaño-Primo, Rocío; Currie, Kim I.; Jones, Steve D.; Karlsen, Maren K.; Kozyr, Alex; Metzl, Nicolas; Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro; Pierrot, Denis; Smith, Karl; Sullivan, Kevin F.; Sutton, Adrienne J.; Sweeney, Colm; Takahashi, Taro; Telszewski, Maciej; Tilbrook, Bronte; Wada, Chisato; Akl, John; Alin, Simone R.; Andersson, Andreas; Atamanchuk, Dariia; Becker, Meike; Benoit-Cattin, Alice; Burger, Eugene F.; Collins, Andrew; Corredor, Jorge E.; Cosca, Catherine E.; Cronin, Margot; Cross, Jessica N.; De Carlo, Eric H.; Feely, Richard A.; Gkritzalis, Thanos; Glockzin, Michael; Greenwood, Naomi; Gutekunst, Sören; Hartman, Susan E.; Herndon, Julian; Ho, David T.; Hunt, Christopher W.; Ibánhez, J. Severino P.; Johannessen, Truls; Kitidis, Vassilis; Lee, Charity M.; Lefèvre, Nathalie; Lo Monaco, Claire; Manke, Ansley B.; Mickett, John; Millero, Frank J.; Monacci, Natalie M.; Morell, Julio M.; Munro, David R.; Neill, Craig; Newberger, Tim; Newton, Jan; Nojiri, Yukihiro; Ohman, Mark D.; Ólafsdóttir, Sólveig Rósa; Omar, Abdirahman M.; Ono, Tsuneo; Papakyriakou, Tim; Park, Geun-Ha; Price, Nichole N.; Rehder, Gregor; Sakurai, Keizo; Salisbury, Joseph E.; Schlitzer, Reiner; Send, Uwe; Skjelvan, Ingunn; Sutherland, Stewart C.; Tadokoro, Kazuaki; Tanhua, Toste; Tomlinson, Michael; Trull, Tom; Vandemark, Douglas; Wallace, Douglas W. R.; Weller, Robert A.; Woosley, Ryan J. (2019). Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Database Version 2019 (SOCATv2019) (NCEI Accession 0190072). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/cpbz-qa92. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. license This dataset is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License. SPDX License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) SOCAT publication https://www.socat.info/ HTTPS https://www.socat.info/ related resource information documentDigital crossReference project NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system 2022-04 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system OCADS website information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital [accessed 2024-02-08] crossReference program Bakker, Dorothee C. E.; Alin, Simone R.; Aramaki, Takafumi; Barbero, Leticia; Bates, Nicholas; Gkritzalis, Thanos; Jones, Steve D.; Kozyr, Alex; Lauvset, Siv K.; Macovei, Vlad A.; Metzl, Nicolas; Munro, David R.; Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro; O'Brien, Kevin M.; Olsen, Are; Pierrot, Denis; Steinhoff, Tobias; Sullivan, Kevin F.; Sutton, Adrienne J.; Sweeney, Colm; Wada, Chisato; Wanninkhof, Rik; Akl, John; Arbilla, Lisandro A.; Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko; Battisti, Roman; Beatty, Cory M.; Becker, Meike; Benoit-Cattin, Alice; Berghoff, Carla F.; Bittig, Henry C.; Bonin, Jennifer A.; Bott, Randy; Bozzano, Roberto; Burger, Eugene F.; Brunetti, Fabio; Cantoni, Carolina; Castelli, Giuliano; Chambers, Don P.; Chierici, Melissa; Corbo, Andrea; Cronin, Margot; Cross, Jessica N.; Currie, Kim I.; Dentico, Carlotta; Emerson, Steven R.; Enochs, Ian C.; Enright, Matt P.; Enyo, Kazutaka; Ericson, Ylva; Evans, Wiley; Fay, Amanda R.; Feely, Richard A.; Fragiacomo, Elena; Fransson, Agneta; Gehrung, Martina; Giani, Michele; Glockzin, Michael; Hamnca, Siyabulela; Holodkov, Nikola; Hoppema, Mario; Ibánhez, J. Severino P.; Kadono, Koji; Kamb, Linus; Kralj, Martina; Kristensen, Torstein; Laudicella, V. Alessandro; Lefèvre, Nathalie; Leseurre, Coraline; Lo Monaco, Claire; Maenner Jones, Stacy; Maenza, Reinaldo A.; McAuliffe, Anna M.; Mdokwana, Baxolele; Monacci, Natalie M.; Musielewicz, Sylvia; Neill, Craig; Newberger, Tim; Nojiri, Yukihiro; Ohman, Mark D.; Ólafsdóttir, Sólveig Rósa; Olivier, Léa; Omar, Abdirahman M.; Osborne, John; Pensieri, Sara; Petersen, Wilhelm; Plueddemann, Albert J.; Rehder, Gregor; Roden, Nicholas P.; Rutgersson, Anna; Sallée, Jean-Baptiste; Sanders, Richard; Sarpe, Dirk; Schirnick, Carsten; Schlitzer, Reiner; Send, Uwe; Skjelvan, Ingunn; Sutherland, Stewart C.; T'Jampens, Michiel; Tamsitt, Veronica; Telszewski, Maciej; Theetaert, Hannelore; Tilbrook, Bronte; Trull, Tom; Tsanwani, Mutshutshu; van de Velde, Sebastiaan; van Heuven, Steven M. A. C.; Veccia, Martín H.; Voynova, Yoana G.; Weller, Robert A.; Williams, Nancy L. (2025). Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Database Version 2025 (SOCATv2025) (NCEI Accession 0304549). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/648f-fv35. 2025-05-30 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.25921/648f-fv35 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0304549 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0304549.html HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0304549.html Related data information Bakker, Dorothee C. E. University of East Anglia, School of Environmental Sciences author Alin, Simone R. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) author Aramaki, Takafumi National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) author Barbero, Leticia NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) http://www.miami.edu/ HTTP website Institution web page information author Bates, Nicholas Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS), St. Georges, Bermuda Nick.Bates@bios.edu author Gkritzalis, Thanos VLIZ Flanders Marine Institute, Ostend, Belgium author Jones, Steve D. VLIZ Flanders Marine Institute, Ostend, Belgium author Kozyr, Alex Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System, National Centers for Environmental Information, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Silver Spring, MD, USA author Lauvset, Siv K. NORCE Norwegian Research Centre https://www.norceresearch.no/en/ HTTPS NORCE Norwegian Research Centre website Institution web page information author Macovei, Vlad A. Hereon Helmholtz Centre, Germany author Metzl, Nicolas Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat: Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Paris, France author Munro, David R. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA author Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) author O'Brien, Kevin M. University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES), Seattle, WA, USA author Olsen, Are Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research https://bjerknes.uib.no/ HTTPS Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research website Institution web page information author Pierrot, Denis NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), Miami, FL, USA author Steinhoff, Tobias GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information author Sullivan, Kevin F. Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School for Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA Kevin.Sullivan@noaa.gov author Sutton, Adrienne J. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) author Sweeney, Colm NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/ HTTPS website Institution web page information author Wada, Chisato National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) wada.chisato@nies.go.jp author Wanninkhof, Rik Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Atmospheric and Oceanographic Administration, Miami, FL 33149, USA author Akl, John Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) author Arbilla, Lisandro A. author Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko Ocean and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Fisheries and Oceans, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, N.S. Canada author Battisti, Roman NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) roman.battisti@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS website Institution web page information author Beatty, Cory M. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA Cory.Beatty@umontana.edu author Becker, Meike Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research https://bjerknes.uib.no/ HTTPS Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research website Institution web page information author Benoit-Cattin, Alice Icelandic Marine Research Institute (MRI) alice.benoit-cattin@hafogvatn.is author Berghoff, Carla F. Argentina National Institute for Fishery Research and Development (INIDEP) cberghoff@inidep.edu.ar https://www.argentina.gob.ar/inidep HTTPS Argentina National Institute for Fishery Research and Development (INIDEP) website Institution web page information author Bittig, Henry C. Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research (IOW) https://www.io-warnemuende.de/ HTTPS Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW) website Institution web page information author Bonin, Jennifer A. University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, St. Petersburg, FL, USA author Bott, Randy Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA author Bozzano, Roberto Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy author Burger, Eugene F. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) author Brunetti, Fabio Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale - Borgo Grotta Gigante, Italy author Cantoni, Carolina Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Piazzale Aldo Moro, Roma, Italy author Castelli, Giuliano Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy author Chambers, Don P. University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, St. Petersburg, FL, USA author Chierici, Melissa Institute of Marine Research, Oceanography and Climate, Fram Centre, Department of Arctic Geophysics, Tromsø, Norway author Corbo, Andrea Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, Sgonico - Italy author Cronin, Margot Marine Institute Ireland (MI) author Cross, Jessica N. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) author Currie, Kim I. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Limited (NIWA) kim.currie@niwa.co.nz http://www.niwa.cri.nz HTTP website Institution web page information author Dentico, Carlotta Ca' Foscari University Dorsoduro, Venice, Italy author Emerson, Steven R. University of Washington School of Oceanography, Seattle, WA, USA author Enochs, Ian C. Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Atmospheric and Oceanographic Administration, Miami, FL, USA author Enright, Matt P. Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS) http://www.bios.edu HTTP website Institution web page information author Enyo, Kazutaka Global Environment and Marine Department, Japan Meteorological Agency, Nagasaki, Japan author Ericson, Ylva Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, Norway (formerly) author Evans, Wiley Hakai Institute, British Columbia, Canada author Fay, Amanda R. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA author Feely, Richard A. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS website Institution web page information author Fragiacomo, Elena Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy author Fransson, Agneta Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, Norway author Gehrung, Martina Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany author Giani, Michele Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale - OGS, Sgonico, Italy author Glockzin, Michael Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research (IOW) https://www.io-warnemuende.de/ HTTPS Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW) website Institution web page information author Hamnca, Siyabulela Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observatory, CSIR, South Africa shamnca@csir.co.za author Holodkov, Nikola Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale - OGS, Sgonico, Italy author Hoppema, Mario Alfred-Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) https://www.awi.de/ HTTPS website Institution web page information author Ibánhez, J. Severino P. Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas, Vigo, Spain author Kadono, Koji Atmosphere and Ocean Department, Japan Meteorological Agency, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan author Kamb, Linus NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) author Kralj, Martina Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, Sgonico, Italy author Kristensen, Torstein University of Bergen, Geophysical Institute (GFI) http://www.uib.no/gfi HTTP University of Bergen, Geophysical Institute (GFI) website Institution web page information author Laudicella, V. Alessandro Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, Sgonico, Italy author Lefèvre, Nathalie Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) https://www.locean.ipsl.fr/ HTTPS Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) website Institution web page information author Leseurre, Coraline VLIZ Flanders Marine Institute, Jacobsenstraat, Ostend, Belgium author Lo Monaco, Claire Sorbonne Universités (UPMC, Univ Paris 06), CNRS, IRD, MNHN, LOCEAN Laboratory, Paris, France author Maenner Jones, Stacy NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) stacy.maenner@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS website Institution web page information author Maenza, Reinaldo A. Argentina National Institute for Fishery Research and Development (INIDEP) https://www.argentina.gob.ar/inidep HTTPS Argentina National Institute for Fishery Research and Development (INIDEP) website Institution web page information author McAuliffe, Anna M. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Global Monitoring Laboratory (NOAA/GML), Boulder, Colorado, USA author Mdokwana, Baxolele Oceans and Coastal Research, Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (DFFE), Cape Town, South Africa author Monacci, Natalie M. School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA author Musielewicz, Sylvia NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) sylvia.musielewicz@noaa.gov https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS website Institution web page information author Neill, Craig Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) author Newberger, Tim Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Earth System Research Laboratories, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, USA Tim.Newberger@noaa.gov author Nojiri, Yukihiro National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) author Ohman, Mark D. Scripps Institute of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA author Ólafsdóttir, Sólveig Rósa Icelandic Marine Research Institute (MRI) https://www.hafogvatn.is/ HTTPS Icelandic Marine Research Institute (MRI) website Institution web page information author Olivier, Léa Alfred-Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) author Omar, Abdirahman M. NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway author Osborne, John Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA author Pensieri, Sara Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy author Petersen, Wilhelm Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany author Plueddemann, Albert J. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole, MA, USA author Rehder, Gregor Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research (IOW) https://www.io-warnemuende.de/ HTTPS Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW) website Institution web page information author Roden, Nicholas P. Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Bergen, Norway author Rutgersson, Anna Uppsala University http://www.uu.se/en HTTP Uppsala University website Institution web page information author Sallée, Jean-Baptiste Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) https://www.locean.ipsl.fr/ HTTPS Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) website Institution web page information author Sanders, Richard NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway author Sarpe, Dirk GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information author Schirnick, Carsten GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information author Schlitzer, Reiner Alfred-Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) author Send, Uwe Scripps Institute of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA author Skjelvan, Ingunn NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway author Sutherland, Stewart C. Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY, USA suth@ldeo.columbia.edu author T'Jampens, Michiel Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) http://www.vliz.be HTTP Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) website Institution web page information author Tamsitt, Veronica Submarine Scientific LLC, San Francisco, California, USA author Telszewski, Maciej International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project, Institute of Oceanology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland author Theetaert, Hannelore Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) http://www.vliz.be HTTP Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) website Institution web page information author Tilbrook, Bronte CSIRO Environment, Castray Esplanade, Australian Antarctic Partnership Program, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia author Trull, Tom Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) tom.trull@csiro.au author Tsanwani, Mutshutshu Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment, Cape Town, South Afric author van de Velde, Sebastiaan University of Otago, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Dunedin, New Zealand author van Heuven, Steven M. A. C. Faculty of Science and Engineering, Isotope Research, Energy and Sustainability Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands author Veccia, Martín H. Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP), Paseo Victoria Ocampo, Mar del Plata, Argentina author Voynova, Yoana G. Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany author Weller, Robert A. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole, MA, USA author Williams, Nancy L. University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, St. Petersburg, FL, USA (formerly) author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher tableDigital crossReference project eng; USA utf8 environment oceans climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere -180 180 -90 90 1957-01-01 2019-06-01 In this accession, NCEI has archived multiple versions of these data. The latest (and best) version of these data has the largest version number. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Originator data format 13232.532 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0190072.html HTTPS Web browser Project Metadata Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://doi.org/10.25921/cpbz-qa92 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/190072 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/190072 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0139/0190072/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0190072 v1.1 was published. 2019-06-18T03:17:47Z NCEI Accession 0190072 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0190072/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0190072 v1.1 published 2019-06-18T03:17:47Z download NCEI Accession 0190072 was revised and v2.2 was published. Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. 2019-11-15T19:06:23Z NCEI Accession 0190072 v2.2 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0190072/2.2 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0190072 v2.2 published 2019-11-15T19:06:23Z download NCEI Accession 0190072 was revised and v3.3 was published. Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. 2019-12-12T20:46:20Z NCEI Accession 0190072 v3.3 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0190072/3.3 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0190072 v3.3 published 2019-12-12T20:46:20Z download NCEI Accession 0190072 was revised and v3.4 was published. Additional metadata files were received or created for this dataset. These updates were copied into the about/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. 2025-06-25T20:09:11Z NCEI Accession 0190072 v3.4 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0190072/3.4 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0190072 v3.4 published 2025-06-25T20:09:11Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: pCO2 (fCO2) autonomous; Abbreviation: fCO2; Unit: uatm; Observation type: Surface underway; Measured or calculated: fCO2 recomputed from the raw data; Equilibrator type:; Equilibrator volume:; How was pressure inside the equilibrator measured:; SEA CO2 gas detector resolution: Accuracy: better than 5 uatm; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value; Researcher name: SOCAT Team Parameter or Variable: Sea Surface Salinity; Abbreviation: SSS; Observation type: measured, data synthesis; Researcher name: SOCAT team Parameter or Variable: Sea Surface Temperature; Abbreviation: SST; Unit: Deg. C; Observation type: measured, data synthesis; Researcher name: SOCAT Team Parameter or Variable: Atmospheric Pressure; Abbreviation: ATM_PPRE; Unit: DBAR; Observation type: measured, data synthesis; Researcher name: SOCAT Team Parameter or Variable: Pressure at Equilibrator; Abbreviation: EQ_PRE; Unit: DBAR; Observation type: measured, data synthesis; Researcher name: SOCAT Team Parameter or Variable: Water Temperature at Equilibrator; Abbreviation: EQ_TMP; Unit: Deg. C; Observation type: measured, data synthesis; Researcher name: SOCAT Team asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian barometric pressure sensor barometric pressure sensor instrument used to measure the atmospheric pressure. showerhead equilibrator showerhead equilibrator extracts dissolved CO2 from water A carbon dioxide equilibrator is usually in the shape of a vertical tube, with a showerhead on the top, some headspace, a lot of beads to increase the surface exchange area between water and air, a water seal device at the bottom to allow water to overflow, but prevents air exchange between inside and outside. Carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer (insttypes_id 183) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water. temperature sensor temperature sensor A sensor used to measure temperature. VARIOUS CHARTERED VESSELS VARIOUS CHARTERED VESSELS