{"accessLevel": "public", "bureauCode": ["010:12"], "contactPoint": {"@type": "vcard:Contact", "fn": "Claire R. Tiedeman", "hasEmail": "mailto:tiedeman@usgs.gov"}, "description": "MODFLOW-NWT groundwater flow models and MODPATH6 particle tracking simulations were \ndeveloped to determine contributing areas (CAs) for and advective travel times to domestic wells \nunder extreme recharge events in a small hypothetical watershed underlain by dipping \nsedimentary rocks. The hypothetical models are based on hydrogeologic conditions in the \nNewark Basin, located in New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania, USA. During extreme \nrecharge events, groundwater supply wells have increased vulnerability to contaminants or \npathogens originating at land surface that are flushed into the subsurface. Fractured-rock \naquifers are particularly vulnerable because transport to wells can be very fast owing to \npreferential flow paths through high-permeability fractures with small effective porosities. A base \ncase (BC) scenario was developed in which the flow models simulate transient extreme recharge \nevents and twice daily pumping, and the particle tracking uses a porosity of 0.0001.  Alternate \ntransient scenarios were developed in which the models have fewer vertical fractures (FewVF), \nincreased recharge (Rch6.4), or larger effective porosity (Por.001), and an alternate steady-state \nscenario (StSt)  was developed that uses long-term average recharge and pumping rates. For the \nBC and StSt scenarios, MODFLOW-NWT simulations were run for 48 different pumping well \nlocations (24 shallow well locations and 24 mid-depth well locations). For the FewVF and Rch6.4 \nscenarios, MODFLOW-NWT simulations were run for the 24 mid-depth well locations. For all \nscenarios, MODPATH simulations were conducted to define the CAs, the travel times from the \nCAs to the well, and the arrival times at the well. Transient simulations used hourly releases of \nparticles at the water table throughout the extreme recharge event. The StSt scenario had a \nsingle release at the beginning of the simulations.  Software tools are provided in this data \nrelease to post-process the MODPATH results and produce figures similar to those in the \ncompanion journal article (https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.13169).  This USGS data release \ncontains all the input and selected output files for the simulations described in the companion \njournal article (https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.13169).", "distribution": [{"@type": "dcat:Distribution", "description": "The metadata original format", "downloadURL": "https://data.usgs.gov/datacatalog/metadata/USGS.0e512c95-6c26-4f61-94ae-caebf4e7b54d.xml", "format": "XML", "mediaType": "text/xml", "title": "Original Metadata"}, {"@type": "dcat:Distribution", "accessURL": "https://doi.org/10.5066/P93DZ84P", "description": "Landing page for access to the data", "format": "XML", "mediaType": "application/http", "title": "Digital Data"}], "identifier": "http://datainventory.doi.gov/id/dataset/USGS_0e512c95-6c26-4f61-94ae-caebf4e7b54d", "keyword": ["usgsgroundwatermodel", "inlandWaters", "Groundwater Model", "USGS:0e512c95-6c26-4f61-94ae-caebf4e7b54d", "MODFLOW-NWT", "environment", "geoscientificInformation", "Groundwater", "MODPATH6", "contributing area", "particle tracking", "InlandWaters"], "modified": "2022-01-04T00:00:00Z", "publisher": {"@type": "org:Organization", "name": "U.S. Geological Survey"}, "spatial": "-76.323456, 39.997929, -73.880117, 41.207338", "theme": ["geospatial"], "title": "MODFLOW-NWT and MODPATH6 models used to simulate contributing areas in hypothetical sedimentary rock aquifers under extreme recharge events"}