{"@type": "dcat:Dataset", "accessLevel": "public", "bureauCode": ["009:25"], "contactPoint": {"@type": "vcard:Contact", "fn": "NIH", "hasEmail": "mailto:info@nih.gov"}, "description": "Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human T cell\n leukemia virus type II (HTLV-2) use a similar mechanism for \u20131\n translational frameshifting to overcome the termination codon in\n viral RNA at the end of the gag gene. Previous\n studies have identified two important RNA signals for frameshifting,\n the slippery sequence and a downstream stem\u2013loop structure.\n However, there have been somewhat conflicting reports concerning\n the individual contributions of these sequences. In this study we\n have performed a comprehensive mutational analysis of the cis-acting\n RNA sequences involved in HIV-1 gag\u2013pol and HTLV-2 gag\u2013pro frameshifting. Using an in vitro translation\n system we determined frameshifting efficiencies for shuffled HIV-1/HTLV-2\n RNA elements in a background of HIV-1 or HTLV-2 sequences. We show\n that the ability of the slippery sequence and stem\u2013loop\n to promote ribosomal frameshifting is influenced by the flanking\n upstream sequence and the nucleotides in the spacer element. A wide\n range of frameshift efficiency rates was observed for both viruses\n when shuffling single sequence elements. The results for HIV-1/HTLV-2\n chimeric constructs represent strong evidence supporting the notion\n that the viral wild-type sequences are not designed for maximal\n frameshifting activity but are optimized to a level suited to efficient\n viral replication.", "distribution": [{"@type": "dcat:Distribution", "description": "Visit the original government dataset for complete information, documentation, and data access.", "downloadURL": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC29715/", "mediaType": "text/html", "title": "Official Government Data Source"}], "identifier": "https://healthdata.gov/api/views/nv77-t9ac", "issued": "2025-07-13", "keyword": ["nih", "hiv-1", "htlv-2", "frameshifting-efficiency", "mutational-analysis"], "landingPage": "https://healthdata.gov/d/nv77-t9ac", "modified": "2025-09-06", "programCode": ["009:033"], "publisher": {"@type": "org:Organization", "name": "National Institutes of Health"}, "theme": ["NIH"], "title": "Comparative mutational analysis\n of"}