noaa-recon-27850 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2024-09-13 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Last Millennium Reanalysis (LMR) Project Global Climate Reconstructions Version 2 2019-10-01 publication doi:10.25921/gn22-5866 noaa-recon-27850 NCEI DSI 1200_02 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Tardif, R. originator Tardif, R. author Hakim, G.J. originator Hakim, G.J. author Perkins, W.A. originator Perkins, W.A. author Horlick, K. originator Horlick, K. author Erb, M.P. originator Erb, M.P. author Emile-Geay, J. originator Emile-Geay, J. author Anderson, D.M. originator Anderson, D.M. author Steig, E.J. originator Steig, E.J. author Noone, D. originator Noone, D. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Climate Reconstruction. The data include parameters of climate reconstructions with a geographic location of Global. The time period coverage is from 1950 to -50 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Records of past temperature, precipitation, and other climate variables derived from paleoclimate proxies. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this data set. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the data set citations. completed NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/webimages/pc-default-recon.png Paleoclimatology - Climate Reconstruction PNG Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Paleoclimate Reconstructions theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions earth science > paleoclimate > reconstructions > air temperature earth science > paleoclimate > reconstructions > atmospheric circulation earth science > paleoclimate > reconstructions > sea surface temperature earth science > paleoclimate > reconstructions > precipitation theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Air Temperature Reconstruction Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation Patterns Reconstruction Palmer Drought Index Reconstruction Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction theme What: geopotential height; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: Southern Oscillation Index; Material: null What: Southern Annular Mode; Material: null What: Pacific Decadal Oscillation Index; Material: null What: El Niño Southern Oscillation Index; Material: null What: North Atlantic Oscillation Index; Material: null What: sea surface temperature; Material: null What: age; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation Index; Material: null What: air temperature; Material: null What: sea level pressure; Material: null What: Arctic Oscillation Index; Material: null theme Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoenvironmental-standard-terms-thesaurus PaST Thesaurus information publisher Geographic Region > Global > Global > LATITUDE > LONGITUDE place DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian otherRestrictions Cite as: Tardif, R.; Hakim, G.J.; Perkins, W.A.; Horlick, K.; Erb, M.P.; Emile-Geay, J.; Anderson, D.M.; Steig, E.J.; Noone, D. (2019-10-01): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Last Millennium Reanalysis (LMR) Project Global Climate Reconstructions Version 2. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/gn22-5866. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose otherRestrictions None otherRestrictions Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. Last Millennium Reanalysis with an expanded proxy database and seasonal proxy modeling 2019 publication Tardif, R., G.J. Hakim, W.A. Perkins, K.A. Horlick, M.P. Erb, J. Emile-Geay, D.M. Anderson, E.J. Steig, and D. Noone author Climate of the Past publisher https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1251-2019 HTTPS Web Browser Associated Reference published 2019 Tardif, R., G.J. Hakim, W.A. Perkins, K.A. Horlick, M.P. Erb, J. Emile-Geay, D.M. Anderson, E.J. Steig, and D. Noone, 2019: Last Millennium Reanalysis with an expanded proxy database and seasonal proxy modeling. Climate of the Past, 15, 1251-1273, 10.5194/cp-15-1251-2019 information crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA geoscientificInformation Date Range: 0 CE to 2000 CE; Date Range: 1950 cal yr BP to -50 cal yr BP; -180 180 -90 90 0 2000 STUDY NOTES: The data provided are for the LMR version 2 reconstructions in netcdf format. Data from two versions are provided, both described in Tardif et al. (2019) Common aspects are: CCSM4 Last Millennium simulation as the source of prior, with states from 100 randomly drawn years as the prior ensemble in each Monte-Carlo realization Regression-based Proxy System Models, formulated using the seasonal responses of individual records, with bivariate models w.r.t. temperature and precipitation for tree-ring width proxies, and univariate w.r.t. temperature for all other proxy archives. Covariance localization applied with a cut-off length scale of 25000 km Reconstructions generated at an annual resolution, on a 2ox2o grid. Differences are related to the set of assimilated proxies: LMR v2.1: Proxies from the PAGES2k (2017) data set*. Corresponds to results presented in Tardif et al. (2019), section 3, figures 2-5. LMR v2.0: Proxies from PAGES2k (2017) + Anderson et al. (2019) [see figure 8 from Tardif et al. (2019)]. Reconstruction results are discussed in Tardif et al. (2019), section 4.3, and shown in figures 9-10, (e) and (f), and in figure 11. * with the exception of the Palmyra coral record: we used the more recent version from Emile-Geay et al (2013), instead of the version from Cobb et al. (2003) as in PAGES2k (2017); and the Kiritimati coral record: the longer record from the Anderson et al (2019) dataset, taken from Cobb et al (2013), replaces a slightly shorter record included in PAGES2k (2017). Data Notes File and variable naming conventions follow as closely as possible those for the NOAA 20th Century Reanalysis. Gridded fields have the format: (time, MCrun, lat, lon) where time is the year, lat is the latitude index, lon is the longitude index, and MCrun indicate the Monte Carlo iteration index. There are in fact 20 LMR reconstructions contained in these arrays. They differ in the climate model ensemble prior to assimilation (random draws from the CCSM4 Last Millennium simulation) and the proxies that were drawn randomly for the reconstruction (75% of all available proxies). You probably want to start with the "grand mean," which is an average over the MCrun dimension. NOTE: the variance on the MCrun index does NOT represent the uncertainty (error) in the reconstructions! It only represents the piece from the prior and proxies. The major portion of the error is in the full ensemble, which is summarized by the spread field for each iteration. All fields are anomalies from the 1951--1980 time-mean. netCDF File Descriptions ------------------------ Global and hemispheric-mean two-meter air temperature [format: (time, MCrun, members); this has all ensemble members]: global-mean temperature v2.0: gmt_MCruns_ensemble_full_LMRv2.0.nc; v2.1: gmt_MCruns_ensemble_full_LMRv2.1.nc NH-mean temperature v2.0: nhmt_MCruns_ensemble_full_LMRv2.0.nc ; v2.1: nhmt_MCruns_ensemble_full_LMRv2.1.nc SH-mean temperature: v2.0: shmt_MCruns_ensemble_full_LMRv2.0.nc ; v2.1: shmt_MCruns_ensemble_full_LMRv2.1.nc Two-meter air temperature: full grid ensemble mean v2.0: air_MCruns_ensemble_mean_LMRv2.0.nc ; v2.1: air_MCruns_ensemble_mean_LMRv2.1.nc full grid ensemble spread v2.0: air_MCruns_ensemble_spread_LMRv2.0.nc ; v2.1: air_MCruns_ensemble_spread_LMRv2.1.nc Sea-surface temperature: full grid ensemble mean v2.0: sst_MCruns_ensemble_mean_LMRv2.0.nc ; v2.1: sst_MCruns_ensemble_mean_LMRv2.0.nc full grid ensemble spread v2.0: sst_MCruns_ensemble_spread_LMRv2.0.nc ; v2.1: sst_MCruns_ensemble_spread_LMRv2.0.nc 500 hPa geopotential height: full grid ensemble mean v2.0: hgt500_MCruns_ensemble_mean_LMRv2.0.nc ; v2.1: hgt500_MCruns_ensemble_mean_LMRv2.0.nc full grid ensemble spread v2.0: hgt500_MCruns_ensemble_spread_LMRv2.0.nc ; v2.1: hgt500_MCruns_ensemble_spread_LMRv2.0.nc Mean-sea-level pressure: full grid ensemble mean v2.0: prmsl_MCruns_ensemble_mean_LMRv2.0.nc ; v2.1: prmsl_MCruns_ensemble_mean_LMRv2.0.nc full grid ensemble spread v2.0: prmsl_MCruns_ensemble_spread_LMRv2.0.nc ; v2.1: prmsl_MCruns_ensemble_spread_LMRv2.0.nc Precipitation: full grid ensemble mean v2.0: prate_MCruns_ensemble_mean_LMRv2.0.nc ; v2.1: prate_MCruns_ensemble_mean_LMRv2.0.nc full grid ensemble spread v2.0: prate_MCruns_ensemble_spread_LMRv2.0.nc ; v2.1: prate_MCruns_ensemble_spread_LMRv2.0.nc Precipitable water: full grid ensemble mean v2.0: pr_wtr_MCruns_ensemble_mean_LMRv2.0.nc ; v2.1: pr_wtr_MCruns_ensemble_mean_LMRv2.0.nc full grid ensemble spread v2.0: pr_wtr_MCruns_ensemble_spread_LMRv2.0.nc ; v2.1: pr_wtr_MCruns_ensemble_spread_LMRv2.0.nc Palmer drought severity index (PDSI): full grid ensemble mean v2.0: pdsi_MCruns_ensemble_mean_LMRv2.0.nc ; v2.1: pdsi_MCruns_ensemble_mean_LMRv2.1.nc full grid ensemble spread v2.0: pdsi_MCruns_ensemble_spread_LMRv2.0.nc ; v2.1: pdsi_MCruns_ensemble_spread_LMRv2.1.nc Climate indices (Nino3.4, PDO, AMO etc.) [format: (time, MCrun, members); this has all ensemble members]: climate indices v2.0: posterior_climate_indices_MCruns_ensemble_full_LMRv2.0.nc ; v2.1: posterior_climate_indices_MCruns_ensemble_full_LMRv2.1.nc ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: The Last Millennium Reanalysis (LMR) utilizes an ensemble methodology to assimilate paleoclimate data for the production of annually resolved climate field reconstructions of the Common Era. Two key elements are the focus of this work: the set of assimilated proxy records and the forward models that map climate variables to proxy measurements. Results based on an updated proxy database and seasonal regression-based forward models are compared to the LMR prototype, which was based on a smaller set of proxy records and simpler proxy models formulated as univariate linear regressions against annual temperature. Validation against various instrumental-era gridded analyses shows that the new reconstructions of surface air temperature and 500 hPa geopotential height are significantly improved (from 10% to more than 100%), while improvements in reconstruction of the Palmer Drought Severity Index are more modest. Additional experiments designed to isolate the sources of improvement reveal the importance of the updated proxy records, including coral records for improving tropical reconstructions, and tree-ring density records for temperature reconstructions, particularly in high northern latitudes. Proxy forward models that account for seasonal responses, and dependence on both temperature and moisture for tree-ring width, also contribute to improvements in reconstructed thermodynamic and hydroclimate variables in midlatitudes. The variability of temperature at multidecadal to centennial scales is also shown to be sensitive to the set of assimilated proxies, especially to the inclusion of primarily moisture-sensitive tree-ring-width records. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Native Format(s) https://doi.org/10.25921/gn22-5866 HTTPS Landing Page Metadata Landing Page NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/27850 HTTPS Web Browser NOAA Study Page Study page with data access information. search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/climate-reconstruction HTTPS Information NCEI Climate Reconstruction Page General information for this data type. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/tardif2019lmr/v2_1/ HTTPS Download /reconstructions/tardif2019lmr/v2_1/ Data Folder download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/tardif2019lmr/v2_0/ HTTPS Download /reconstructions/tardif2019lmr/v2_0/ Data Folder download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/tardif2019lmr/tardif2019_lmr.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download asNeeded This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21