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        <gco:CharacterString>Hudson River Estuary Shallow Water Surveys. Subbottom data was collected November 5 to December 15, 2009, in the estuary north from Saugerties to Troy.   Data Collection and Processing: Subbottom Data - Fugro utilized the EdgeTech SB216 Chirp subbottom profiler system for seismic data collection. This system was operated using a swept frequency range of 2-16 KHz, maximizing subsurface resolution within the very shallow near-surface material (1- 5 m beneath seafloor). Subbottom data was processed and interpreted using Discover and SMT Kingdom software. The intent of the processing was to provide the NYSDEC with SEG-Y files that were properly filtered and spatially oriented to allow for near-surface interpretation of sediments in the Hudson River. Processing steps for the subbottom data included swell filtering to compensate for sea conditions during survey operations, compiling correct shotpoint navigation, and adjusting data gains for optimal interpretation. An isopach (sediment thickness) of the unconsolidated surficial sediments was created from the seafloor and mapped sediment horizon base using an acoustic two-way travel time of 1500 meters/second. Subbottom data was used to assist in selecting sediment sampling locations. Graphical sub-bottom profiles for areas of interest were produced and descriptive results will be included in the final report.  Points were created every 300th shot (approximately 100 meters).
Original contact information: 
   Contact Name: John Ladd
   Contact Org: Hudson River National Estuarine Research Reserve, NYS DEC
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        <gco:CharacterString>Our work was consistent with the Statement of Work prepared by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) to develop detailed bathymetric maps, acoustic reflectivity and acoustic character maps of the shallow portions of the Hudson River Estuary from the Verrazano Narrows north to the federal dam in Troy. In addition NYSDEC requested the collection of grab samples and 100 sediment cores at least one meter in length distributed throughout the same shallow portions of the Estuary.  This project was being conducted as part of the Hudson River Estuary Action Plan promulgated by NYSDEC and approved by the Governor in 1996 which committed the State to, among other things, -Conduct a submerged habitat inventory to define areas most in need of protection for Hudson River fish, blue crab, and food chain species. -To conserve, protect, and, where possible, enhance critical river and shoreline habitats to assure that the life cycles of key species are supported for human enjoyment and to sustain a healthy ecosystem. -To conserve for future generations the rich diversity of plants, animals and habitats that are key to the vitality, natural beauty and environmental quality of the Hudson River Valley.  Previous work in the Estuary was limited, in that detailed bathymetry was not acquired in areas of the estuary shallower than about 4 meters due to financial constraints. About a third of the estuary was not surveyed this third is the area that is home to important submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) beds which sustain much of the biologic community in the estuary. Utilizing advanced technology and the experience of the previous benthic mapping projects, this project provided NYSDEC maps of the shallow areas that were not addressed with the previous studies.  Pilot studies (Maher, 2006; Strayer et al., 2006; Yeung and McConnaughey 2008) have indicated that variations in remote sensing acoustic data are strongly correlated to variations in benthic macro invertebrate communities. This primary goal of this project, guided by NYSDEC, was to acquire acoustic data in the shallow water areas of the estuary that would facilitate classification of the substrate into biologically significant units.</gco:CharacterString>
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