gov.noaa.nodc:0127256 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2025-11-29T06:02:57Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, nitrate, phosphate, temperature and other variables collected from time series observations at Heron Island Reef Flat from 2010-06-01 to 2010-12-13 (NCEI Accession 0127256) 2015-04-08 publication 2015-04-06 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.7289/v55m63mf NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0127256 NCEI Archive Management System 0127256 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher David I. Kline Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) dkline@ucsd.edu https://scripps.ucsd.edu/ HTTPS Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) https://scripps.ucsd.edu/ HTTPS Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) website Institution web page information resourceProvider David I. Kline Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) dkline@ucsd.edu https://scripps.ucsd.edu/ HTTPS Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Lida Teneva Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science and Oceans lteneva@conservation.org http://www.conservation.org/projects/Pages/Betty-and-Gordon-Moore-Center-for-Science-and-Oceans.aspx HTTP Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science and Oceans website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Claudine Hauri University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Marine Science (IMS/UAF) chauri@alaska.edu https://www.uaf.edu/cfos/research/institute-of-marine-scien/ HTTPS University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Marine Science (IMS/UAF) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator B. Greg Mitchell Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) scrippsnews@ucsd.edu https://scripps.ucsd.edu/ HTTPS Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) website Institution web page information collaborator Kline, David I. Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) dkline@ucsd.edu https://scripps.ucsd.edu/ HTTPS Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) website Institution web page information author Teneva, Lida Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science and Oceans http://www.conservation.org/projects/Pages/Betty-and-Gordon-Moore-Center-for-Science-and-Oceans.aspx HTTP Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science and Oceans website Institution web page information author Hauri, Claudine University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Marine Science (IMS/UAF) https://www.uaf.edu/cfos/research/institute-of-marine-scien/ HTTPS University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Marine Science (IMS/UAF) website Institution web page information author Schneider, Kenneth author Miard, Thomas author Chai, Aaron author Marker, Malcolm author Dunbar, Robert B. author Caldeira, Ken author Lazar, Boaz author Rivlin, Tanya author Mitchell, B. Greg Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) https://scripps.ucsd.edu/ HTTPS Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) website Institution web page information author Dove, Sophie G. author Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove The University of Queensland http://www.uq.edu.au HTTP University of Queensland website Institution web page information author Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science and Oceans http://www.conservation.org/projects/Pages/Betty-and-Gordon-Moore-Center-for-Science-and-Oceans.aspx HTTP Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science and Oceans website Institution web page information contributor University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) https://www.uaf.edu/ HTTPS University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) website Institution web page information contributor Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) https://scripps.ucsd.edu/ HTTPS Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital This dataset contains carbonate chemistry and environmental parameters data that were collected from a 200-day time series monitoring on the Heron Island reef flat near the Great Barrier Reef. Understanding the temporal dynamics of present thermal and pH exposure on coral reefs is crucial for elucidating reef response to future global change. Diel ranges in temperature and carbonate chemistry parameters coupled with seasonal changes in the mean conditions define periods during the year when a reef habitat is exposed to anomalous thermal and/or pH exposure. In this study we define anomalous conditions as pH and temperature values that exceed a threshold that we have operationally defined for each variable. We present a 200-day time series from June through December 2010 of carbonate chemistry and environmental parameters measured on the Heron Island reef flat. These data reveal that aragonite saturation state, pH, and pCO2 were primarily modulated by biologically-driven, changes in dissolved organic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA), rather than salinity and temperature. The largest diel temperature ranges occurred in austral spring, in October (1.5 - 6.6 degrees Celsius) and lowest diel ranges (0.9 - 3.2 degrees Celsius) were observed in July, at the peak of winter. We observed large diel total pH variability, with a maximum range of 7.7 - 8.5 total pH units, with minimum diel average pH values occurring during spring and maximum during fall. As with many other reefs, the nighttime pH minima on the reef flat were far lower than pH values predicted for the open ocean by 2100. DIC and TA both increased from June (end of Fall) to December (end of Spring). Using this high-resolution dataset, we developed exposure metrics of pH and temperature individually for intensity, duration, and severity of low pH and high temperature events, as well as a combined metric. Periods of anomalous temperature and pH exposure were asynchronous on the Heron Island reef flat, which underlines the importance of understanding the dynamics of co-occurrence of multiple stressors on coastal ecosystems. Determine the relationship between carbonate chemistry and other environmental parameters on a coral reef flat. Funding Information: Australian Research Council (The Heron Island Climate Change Observatory: An In-Situ Ocean Acidification and Carbonate Chemistry Monitoring Platform, LE0989608) completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0127256 Preview graphic PNG 0127256 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2015-04-06 publication CURRENT SPEED DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC) NITRATE pH phosphate PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVE RADIATION (PAR) SALINITY total alkalinity water depth WATER TEMPERATURE theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer CTD PAR Sensor pH sensor titrator instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS time series theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science and Oceans Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of Alaska Fairbanks dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Scripps Institution of Oceanography dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS NODC Ocean Acidification Scientific Data Stewardship (OADS) project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Coral Sea South Pacific Ocean place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NODC > National Oceanographic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project project Ocean Acidification Search Keywords EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > BATHYMETRY/SEAFLOOR TOPOGRAPHY > WATER DEPTH EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > ALKALINITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > INORGANIC CARBON EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > NITRATE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PH EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PHOSPHATE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CIRCULATION > OCEAN CURRENTS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN OPTICS > PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Time series theme OCADS Study Type DIC Nitrate PAR Phosphate Salinity TA Temperature Water Depth (m) Water Velocity pCO2 pH theme Provider Variable Abbreviations CO2 ANALYZERS > CO2 ANALYZERS CTD > Conductivity, Temperature, Depth PAR SENSORS > Photosynthetically Active Radiation Sensors PH METERS > PH METERS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Heron Island Reef Flat, Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia place Provider Geographic Names accessLevel: Public otherRestrictions Cite as: Kline, David I.; Teneva, Lida; Hauri, Claudine; Schneider, Kenneth; Miard, Thomas; Chai, Aaron; Marker, Malcolm; Dunbar, Robert B.; Caldeira, Ken; Lazar, Boaz; Rivlin, Tanya; Mitchell, B. Greg; Dove, Sophie G.; Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove (2015). Dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, nitrate, phosphate, temperature and other variables collected from time series observations at Heron Island Reef Flat from 2010-06-01 to 2010-12-13 (NCEI Accession 0127256). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.7289/v55m63mf. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system 2022-04 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system OCADS website information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital [accessed 2024-02-08] crossReference program Mooring Heron Island Mooring 2022 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/Moorings/Heron_Island.html HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/Moorings/Heron_Island.html related resource information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital crossReference project eng; USA utf8 environment oceans 151.92 151.92 -23.45 -23.45 2010-06-01 2010-12-13 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Originator data format 1.66 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0127256.html HTTPS Web browser Project Metadata Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://doi.org/10.7289/v55m63mf HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/127256 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/127256 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0074/0127256/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0127256 v1.1 was published. 2015-04-08T02:12:09Z NCEI Accession 0127256 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0127256/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0127256 v1.1 published 2015-04-08T02:12:09Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon; Abbreviation: DIC; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: time series; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Analyzing instrument: LI-COR 7000 H2O:CO2 analyzer (LI-COR, Lincoln); Standardization frequency: Every 7 samples; CRM manufacturer: A.G. Dickson (Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Oceanic Carbon Dioxide Quality Control; Uncertainty: plus minus 1-2 umol kg-1 Parameter or Variable: Total alkalinity; Abbreviation: TA; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: time series; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Analyzing instrument: T50 titrator with a small-volume DGi101-SC pH sensor (Mettler Toledo, Switzerland); Type of titration: Gran; Cell type (open or closed): Open; CRM manufacturer: A.G. Dickson (Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Oceanic Carbon Dioxide Quality Control; Uncertainty: plus minus 3 umol kg-1 Parameter or Variable: pH; Abbreviation: pH; pH scale: Seawater pH scale; Observation type: time series; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Analyzing instrument: MBARI modified Sea-Bird 18 digital pH sensor; Temperature of pH measurement: in situ; Standardization description: The pH sensors were swapped out with freshly calibrated sensors every 48-72 hours and cleaned daily. The pH sensors were calibrated to the seawater scale using a Denver pH meter (UB-10, Denver Instruments, NY, USA) calibrated with NBS standards and then used to prepare pH 6.00 and 8.20 filtered seawater standards. The mV readings of the pH sensors in the freshly prepared seawater standards were then used for sensor calibration to the seawater pH scale using a spreadsheet developed by MBARI. Parameter or Variable: pH; Abbreviation: pH; pH scale: NBS; Observation type: time series; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Analyzing instrument: Denver pH meter (UB-10, Denver Instruments, NY, USA); Temperature of pH measurement: 25 degrees Celsius Parameter or Variable: pCO2 (fCO2) autonomous; Abbreviation: pCO2; Unit: uatm; Observation type: time series; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Calculated Parameter or Variable: Photosynthetically Active Radiation; Abbreviation: PAR; Observation type: time series; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Analyzing instrument: Satlantic Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) sensor (Sea-Bird Scientific, USA) Parameter or Variable: Water Depth (m); Abbreviation: Water Depth (m); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Analyzing instrument: Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) instrument (10-second resolution, SBE-16plusV2, Sea-Bird Electronics, USA) Parameter or Variable: Water Velocity; Abbreviation: Water Velocity; Unit: m/s; Observation type: time series; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: measured; Analyzing instrument: Vector acoustic velocimeter (2-minute resolution; Nortek, Norway) Parameter or Variable: Temperature; Abbreviation: Temperature; Unit: C; Observation type: time series; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: measured; Analyzing instrument: Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) instrument (10-second resolution, SBE-16plusV2, Sea-Bird Electronics, USA) Parameter or Variable: Salinity; Abbreviation: Salinity; Observation type: time series; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: measured; Analyzing instrument: Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) instrument (10-second resolution, SBE-16plusV2, Sea-Bird Electronics, USA) Parameter or Variable: Nitrate; Abbreviation: Nitrate; Unit: uMol/L; Observation type: time series; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Analyzing instrument: Flow Injection Autoanalyzer (Lachat Instruments Model QuickChem 8000); Method reference: Nitrate (NO3-1) was measured by reducing it to nitrite using a copperized cadmium column (precision of nitrate measurements was 0.02 mmol/L). Nitrite (NO2 1) was measured with a colorimetric method described by Grasshoff et al. [1999] Parameter or Variable: Phosphate; Abbreviation: Phosphate; Unit: uMol/L; Observation type: time series; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Analyzing instrument: Flow Injection Autoanalyzer (Lachat Instruments Model QuickChem 8000) repository NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015. 2015-04-22T00:00:00 asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water. CTD CTD Conductivity-Temperature-Depth probe PAR Sensor PAR Sensor Photosynthetically Active Radiation Sensor The PAR sensor measures global solar radiation from 400 to 700 nm, which approximates the spectral band active in photosynthesis. The response of the instrument falls sharply to zero on either side of this band, and between 400 and 670 nm it increases monotonically from about 50% to 100%. There is no protective glass dome over the receiving surface. Irradiance from the sun passes through a small white visible bandpass filter/diffuser in the shape of a horizontal disk at the top of the instrument. Within the instrument radiation is directed through a series of colored glass filters and onto a silicon photodiode detector. The factory-supplied calibration converts the signal from the detector to a flux of photons in micro-mole (of photons) s-1 m-2. (One micro-mole equals 6.022 E17 photons.) For the solar spectrum, these units may be converted to watts per square meter by dividing by 4.6. (http://www.srrb.noaa.gov/instrument/par.htm) pH sensor pH sensor generic meter used to measure pH Any of a class of instruments used to quantify pH in a water or other type of sample. titrator titrator titrator