gov.noaa.nodc:0269246 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2025-12-14T19:38:10Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Developing a semi-automated CoralNet Bleaching Classifier: annotations and imagery from survey sites across the Hawaiian Archipelago between 2014 and 2019 (NCEI Accession 0269246) 2022-11-25 publication 2022-11-10 creation NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0269246 NCEI Archive Management System 0269246 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Lori Luers NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division website Institution web page information resourceProvider NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/PIFSC) resourceProvider Morgan Winston NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division morgan.winston@noaa.gov https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division website Institution web page information collaborator Lori Luers NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division lori.luers@noaa.gov https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division website Institution web page information pointOfContact Courtney Couch NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division courtney.s.couch@noaa.gov https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Ecosystem Sciences Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division website Institution web page information author NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital This data package includes datasets and benthic imagery that support the development of a semi-automated coral bleaching classifier in CoralNet. The datasets in this package include annotations of imagery produced to test and train the CoralNet Bleaching Classifier, the annotation label set used in CoralNet, and site-level metadata for annotated imagery. The datasets were generated by scientists of the Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) at the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) at NOAA, funded by the Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP). This data package includes non-ESD imagery used to develop this classifier, including images of sites in the Papahānaumokuākea National Monument (collected in 2014 by Courtney Couch, a scientist of the ESD), and of sites in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu (in 2015 by The Nature Conservancy). Other source imagery that was used to develop this classifier was collected by the ESD during the 2019 Hawaii coral bleaching event, as well as during the 2015, 2016, and 2019 NWHI National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) survey missions following the traditional photoquadrat collection methodology for NCRMP surveys; this imagery has already been archived, or is a pending archive package; they are described and accessible at https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/59193 and https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/36152. To create this classifier, named the NOAA ESD Coral Bleaching Classifier (accessible at: https://coralnet.ucsd.edu/source/2947/), a set of training imagery with corresponding point coordinates and label annotations were uploaded to the classifier's source. The training annotations were made by human annotators on both randomly generated and targeted points. Once the training imagery and annotations were uploaded, the automated classification abilities of the classifier were tested by uploading imagery and point locations, but without corresponding label annotations. The machine generated labels for these points were then compared against the human generated labels, which had not been uploaded. See the CoralNet Bleaching Classifier SOP for more information: https://doi.org/10.25923/d0re-9y93. Over the past decade, there has been a notable increase in the frequency and severity of global bleaching events. Since 2014, the Hawaiian Archipelago has experienced three mass coral bleaching events, which resulted in high coral mortality throughout the archipelago. With more frequent and severe global bleaching events on the horizon and the efficiency of collecting bleaching data using digital imagery, monitoring programs in Hawaiʻi need tools to efficiently extract bleaching data from images. Creating tools to quickly and accurately quantify the extent of coral bleaching is an important next step in developing strategies to appropriately respond to and monitor future mass bleaching events. Funding Agency: NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (Coral Reef Conservation Program - CRCP) completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0269246 Preview graphic PNG 0269246 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2022-11-04 publication CORAL CORAL - BLEACHING images theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS camera photograph instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS benthic biological in situ laboratory analyses theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) CORAL REEF STUDIES National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) Pacific Reef and Assessment Monitoring Program (Pacific RAMP) project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Coastal Waters of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary Kaneohe Bay North Pacific Ocean Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication CRED CREP Coral Reef Ecosystem Division Coral Reef Ecosystem Program ESD Ecosystem Sciences Division PIFSC Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center dataCentre Contributing Organizations DOC/NOAA/NMFS > National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce DOC/NOAA/NMFS/PIFSC/ESD > Ecosystem Sciences Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian 31361 743 Assessing impacts of Hawaii's 2019 coral bleaching event on coral recovery and coral communities National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) project CRCP Project Visual Images > Corals theme CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Reef Habitat EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Coral Diseases > Bleaching EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > In Situ Biological EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Photographic Analysis EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Coral theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > COASTAL PROCESSES > CORAL REEFS > CORAL BLEACHING EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES > COASTAL LANDFORMS > CORAL REEFS theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian CoralNet bleaching image analysis theme Provider Keywords CAMERA > CAMERA instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian computer instrument Provider Instruments small boat platform Provider Platform Names COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Hawaii > Hawaii (21N160W0000) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Hawaii > Hawaii Island (19N155W0003) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > French Frigate Shoals (24N166W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Kaneohe Bay (21N157W0004) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Kure Atoll (28N178W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Lisianski Island (25N173W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Midway Atoll (28N177W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (28N178W0000) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Oahu (21N157W0003) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Pearl and Hermes Reef (27N176W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Maui > Lanai Island (20N156W0002) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Maui > Maui Island (20N156W0004) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaiian Islands (21N157W0027) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands (21N157W0027) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Hawaii > Hawaii (21N160W0000) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Hawaii Island > Hawaii Island (19N155W0003) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Lanai Island > Lanai Island (20N156W0002) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Maui Island > Maui Island (20N156W0004) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Oahu Island > Kaneohe Bay (21N157W0004) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Oahu Island > Oahu (21N157W0003) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (28N178W0000) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > French Frigate Shoals (24N166W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > Kure Atoll (28N178W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > Lisianski Island (25N173W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > Midway Atoll (28N177W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > Pearl and Hermes Reef (27N176W0001) place CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN > HAWAIIAN ISLANDS OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument place Provider Place Names 04ACLX Send2NCEI Submission Package ID accessLevel: Public otherRestrictions Cite as: Ecosystem Sciences Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (2022). Developing a semi-automated CoralNet Bleaching Classifier: annotations and imagery from survey sites across the Hawaiian Archipelago between 2014 and 2019 (NCEI Accession 0269246). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0269246. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, 2022: Developing a semi-automated CoralNet Bleaching Classifier: annotations and imagery from survey sites across the Hawaiian Archipelago between 2014 and 2019, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/67962. 2022 publication gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:67962 https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/67962 HTTPS https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/67962 InPort metadata record information NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/PIFSC) publisher tableDigital crossReference collection Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, 2022: Benthic Images from Stratified Random Site (StRS) Surveys in the Main Hawaiian Islands During the 2019 Bleaching Event, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/59193. 2022 publication gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:59193 https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/59193 HTTPS https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/59193 InPort metadata record for separately archived imagery information NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/PIFSC) publisher tableDigital crossReference collection Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, 2020: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Benthic Images Collected from Stratified Random Sites (StRS) across the Hawaiian Archipelago from 2013 to 2019, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/36152. 2020 publication gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:36152 https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/36152 HTTPS https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/36152 InPort metadata record for separately archived imagery information NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/PIFSC) publisher tableDigital crossReference collection NOAA ESD Coral Bleaching Classifier 2022 publication https://coralnet.ucsd.edu/source/2947/ HTTPS https://coralnet.ucsd.edu/source/2947/ CoralNet Bleaching Classifier information crossReference project Ehrenberg J., Winston, M., Oliver, T., and Couch, C. 2022. Development of a Semi-automated Coral Bleaching Classifier in CoralNet: A Summary of Standard Operating Procedures and Report of Results. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA Technical Memorandum NOAA-TM-NMFS-PIFSC-133, 9 p. https://doi.org/10.25923/d0re-9y93 2022-11 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.25923/d0re-9y93 NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-PIFSC-133 https://doi.org/10.25923/d0re-9y93 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.25923/d0re-9y93 Standard operating procedures for the CoralNet Bleaching Classifier information Jon Ehrenberg Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research author Morgan Winston Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research / US DOC; NOAA; NMFS; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center; Ecosystem Sciences Division morgan.winston@noaa.gov author Thomas Oliver US DOC; NOAA; NMFS; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center; Ecosystem Sciences Division thomas.oliver@noaa.gov author Courtney Couch Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research / US DOC; NOAA; NMFS; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center; Ecosystem Sciences Division courtney.s.couch@noaa.gov author NOAA technical memorandum NMFS PIFSC 133 crossReference userGuide eng; USA utf8 environment oceans biota -178.383718 -155.8366193 19.31344 28.459215 2014-08-20 2019-11-14 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. CSV JPEG 1032.748 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0269246 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/269246 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/269246 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0209/0269246/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0269246 v1.1 was published. 2022-11-25T22:27:44Z NCEI Accession 0269246 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0269246/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0269246 v1.1 published 2022-11-25T22:27:44Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: CORAL - BLEACHING (measured); Units: unitless; Observation Category: benthic; Sampling Instrument: photograph; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Photographs were annotated with the web-based tool CoralNet into three categories: hard coral, bleached hard coral, and unknown. Human annotations were used to train the CoralNet Bleaching Classifier, and rounds of training with human and machine annotations followed. Refer to SOP for details; Data Quality Method: Annotators are well trained and calibrated to ensure the source’s AI is being trained correctly Parameter or Variable: images (measured); Units: unitless; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: camera; Sampling and Analyzing Method: A total of 5207 images were used, with approximately 30 images for each site; however, image numbers ranged from 5 - 72 images per site. Images were captured in 2015 by the Nature Conservancy and in 2014 by ESD scientist, Courtney Couch. Other imagery used to develop the classifier tool followed the standard NCRMP stratified-random site (StRS) photoquadrat protocols and has already been archived and is accessible at https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/36152#itemIdentification.; Data Quality Method: The photos are reviewed by scientists for accuracy and usability. To ensure consistency, images were color corrected using Adobe Lightroom if it appeared that the camera they were taken from was not properly white balanced in the field. asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian camera camera An instrument for recording images. photograph photograph still images used as the basis for making parameter determinations