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        <gco:CharacterString>Summer surveys of the Chukchi Sea indicate that high densities of age-0 gadid fishes, historically Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) but recently also walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus), dominate the pelagic fish community. Adults are comparatively scarce, suggesting that either overwinter survivorship of age-0 gadids is low, or that they emigrate to other areas of the Pacific Arctic. To examine population movement, we conducted repeat acoustic surveys with saildrone autonomous surface vehicles equipped with echosounders throughout summer 2018. Results of these surveys were published in Levine et al. (2021).

The survey was completed by two 7-meter saildrone USVs. The primary water column acoustic instrument for the survey was a Simrad EK80 mini scientific echosounder system equipped with a dual frequency ES38-18/200-18CR transducer (38 kHz split-beam, 200 kHz single beam). The vessels departed Dutch Harbor, AK on 30 June 2018, conducted acoustic surveys of the eastern Chukchi Sea from 20 July to 11 September, and returned to Dutch Harbor on 06 October. The echosounder system was calibrated via the standard sphere method before and after the cruise.

Levine, R.M., De Robertis, A., GrÃ¼nbaum, D., Woodgate, R., Mordy, C.W., Mueter, F., Cokelet, E., Lawrence-Slavas, N. and Tabisola, H. (2021), Autonomous vehicle surveys indicate that flow reversals retain juvenile fishes in a highly advective high-latitude ecosystem. Limnol Oceanogr, 66: 1139-1154. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11671</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>NCEI Contact Information</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>Information for contacts at NCEI.</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>325 Broadway, Mail Code E/NE42</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>Boulder</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>80305-3328</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:country>
                    <gco:CharacterString>USA</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>wcd.info@noaa.gov</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Earth Science &gt; Biosphere &gt; Ecosystems &gt; Marine Ecosystems &gt; Pelagic</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Earth Science &gt; Biosphere &gt; Ecosystems &gt; Marine Ecosystems</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Earth Science &gt; Biosphere &gt; Ecosystems &gt; Aquatic Ecosystems</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:thesaurusName xlink:title="GCMD Science Keywords">
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                <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gmd:CI_Date>
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                    <gco:Date>2020-01-09</gco:Date>
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                          <gmd:linkage>
                            <gmd:URL>https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords</gmd:URL>
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                          <gmd:name>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="place">place</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/metadata/published/xsd/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="revision">revision</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="dataCentre">dataCentre</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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          <gmd:thesaurusName xlink:title="GCMD Data Center Keywords">
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                <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gmd:CI_Date>
                  <gmd:date>
                    <gco:Date>2020-01-09</gco:Date>
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                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="publication">publication</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                          <gmd:linkage>
                            <gmd:URL>https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords</gmd:URL>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords.</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:description>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Vertical Location &gt; Water Column</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="place">place</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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                    <gco:Date>2020-01-09</gco:Date>
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                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="publication">publication</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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                          <gmd:linkage>
                            <gmd:URL>https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords</gmd:URL>
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      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>In Situ/Laboratory Instruments &gt; Profilers/Sounders &gt; Acoustic Sounders &gt; WCMS &gt; Water Column Mapping System</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="instrument">instrument</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gmd:CI_Date>
                  <gmd:date>
                    <gco:Date>2020-01-09</gco:Date>
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                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="publication">publication</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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                          <gmd:linkage>
                            <gmd:URL>https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords</gmd:URL>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Cite as: NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center. 2022. EK80 Water Column Sonar Data Collected During SD1023-201801. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/hqha-z958 [access date]</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>The EK80 echosounder system transducers installed on the saildrones are mounted in a gimbal mount on the vehicleâs keel at a depth of 1.9 m (i.e. draft correction setting of 1.9 meters below the surface should be applied). Data during the survey were collected at a pulse length of 0.512 milliseconds. Note that some data during transits in deeper water in this data set were collected at pulse length of 1.024 milliseconds. The EK80 system was calibrated with a 64 mm copper sphere at 38 kHz and a 38.1 mm tungsten-carbide sphere prior to deployment and at the end of the cruise. A text file (*.ecs) containing the final calibration parameters used to process the 0.512 ms survey results is provided. The EK80 raw files do not contain GPS information. GPS data are provided as ancillary CSV files generated by Saildrone. The echosounder and vehicle clocks were synchronized hourly. The saildrone vehicles and the installation and operation of echosounders are described in De Robertis et al. (2019). Data from each of the 2 vehicles (SD1022 and SD1023) used in this survey are provided as standalone data sets. 
  
De Robertis, A., Lawrence-Slavas, N., Jenkins, R., Wangen, R., Mordy, C.W., Meinig, C., Levine, M.,   Peacock, D., and Tabisola, H. (2019), Long-term measurements of fish backscatter from Saildrone unmanned surface vehicles and comparison with observations from a noise-reduced research vessel. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 76(7): 2459-2470. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsz124</gco:CharacterString>
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                            <gmd:URL>https://www.kongsberg.com/maritime/products/ocean-science/ocean-science/es_scientific/ek80software/</gmd:URL>
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          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>The Simrad EK80 is the most modern "high end" split beam scientific echo sounder in the fishery scientific market. Based on more than 60 years of research and development in close collaboration with leading marine scientists this wide band echo sounder system has succeeded the famous EK60, which became an international standard for fish stock assessment. The Simrad EK80 can operate a large number of frequencies simultaneously ranging from 10 to 500 kHz. A wide selection of high quality accurate transducers is available.</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>SD1023-201801_EK80</gco:CharacterString>
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          </gmi:status>
          <gmi:parentOperation gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
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      <gmi:platform xlink:title="saildrone">
        <gmi:MI_Platform xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmi http://ngdc.noaa.gov/metadata/published/xsd/schema.xsd" uuid="87f3541b-4b13-4a3f-8c95-ed22f321f9a8">
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                <gco:CharacterString>Saildrone Voyager</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Saildrone</gco:CharacterString>
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            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>Saildrone uncrewed surface vehicles (USVs) enable the collection of high-quality ocean data for a wide variety of applications.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
          <gmi:sponsor xlink:title="Saildrone (owner)">
            <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmi https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema.xsd" uuid="31a25a8a-3ce2-49b7-8bed-c673db3afb1d">
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                <gco:CharacterString>Saildrone</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gmd:CI_Contact>
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                    <gmd:CI_Telephone>
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                        <gco:CharacterString />
                      </gmd:facsimile>
                    </gmd:CI_Telephone>
                  </gmd:phone>
                  <gmd:address>
                    <gmd:CI_Address>
                      <gmd:deliveryPoint>
                        <gco:CharacterString>1050 West Tower Avenue</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:deliveryPoint>
                      <gmd:city>
                        <gco:CharacterString>Alameda</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:city>
                      <gmd:administrativeArea>
                        <gco:CharacterString>CA</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:administrativeArea>
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                        <gco:CharacterString>94501</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:postalCode>
                      <gmd:country>
                        <gco:CharacterString>USA</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:country>
                      <gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                        <gco:CharacterString />
                      </gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                    </gmd:CI_Address>
                  </gmd:address>
                  <gmd:onlineResource>
                    <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
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                        <gmd:URL>https://www.saildrone.com/</gmd:URL>
                      </gmd:linkage>
                      <gmd:name>
                        <gco:CharacterString>Saildrone</gco:CharacterString>
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                      <gmd:description>
                        <gco:CharacterString>Saildrone is a collector of ocean related in situ data via uncrewed vehicle, above and below the sea surface.</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:description>
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                        <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
                      </gmd:function>
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            </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
          </gmi:sponsor>
          <gmi:instrument xlink:title="EK80">
            <gmi:MI_Instrument xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmi https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema.xsd" uuid="cfc2ac19-b32a-4753-a934-efe8a57cc496">
              <gmi:citation>
                <gmd:CI_Citation>
                  <gmd:title>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Simrad EK80 Echosounder</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:date gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
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                      <gmd:code>
                        <gco:CharacterString>EK80</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
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                        <gco:CharacterString>Simrad - Kongsberg Maritime AS</gco:CharacterString>
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                      <gmd:contactInfo>
                        <gmd:CI_Contact>
                          <gmd:onlineResource>
                            <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                              <gmd:linkage>
                                <gmd:URL>https://www.kongsberg.com/maritime/products/ocean-science/ocean-science/es_scientific/ek80software/</gmd:URL>
                              </gmd:linkage>
                              <gmd:name>
                                <gco:CharacterString>Simrad Ek80 information web page</gco:CharacterString>
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                              <gmd:description>
                                <gco:CharacterString>Page contains general information on the Ek80 and has links to details on operation and file formats</gco:CharacterString>
                              </gmd:description>
                              <gmd:function>
                                <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
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                      <gmd:role>
                        <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="resourceProvider">resourceProvider</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
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                    </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
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              <gmi:identifier>
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                  <gmd:code>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Simrad EK80</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmi:type>
                <gco:CharacterString>echosounder</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmi:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>The Simrad EK80 is the most modern "high end" split beam scientific echo sounder in the fishery scientific market. Based on more than 60 years of research and development in close collaboration with leading marine scientists this wide band echo sounder system has succeeded the famous EK60, which became an international standard for fish stock assessment. The Simrad EK80 can operate a large number of frequencies simultaneously ranging from 10 to 500 kHz. A wide selection of high quality accurate transducers is available.</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmi:description>
            </gmi:MI_Instrument>
          </gmi:instrument>
        </gmi:MI_Platform>
      </gmi:platform>
    </gmi:MI_AcquisitionInformation>
  </gmi:acquisitionInformation>
</gmi:MI_Metadata>