gov.noaa.nodc:NCEI-WOA23 eng utf8 series NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2025-10-01T13:19:44Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) World Ocean Atlas 2023 2023-09-28 publication 2024-06-15 revision 2022-11-14 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.25921/va26-hv25 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:NCEI-WOA23 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher James R. Reagan NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) James.Reagan@noaa.gov resourceProvider NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) resourceProvider Reagan, James R. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author Boyer, Tim P. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author García, Hernán E. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information hernan.garcia@noaa.gov author Locarnini, Ricardo A. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ricardo.locarnini@noaa.gov author Baranova, Olga K. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Olga.Baranova@noaa.gov author Bouchard, Courtney NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author Cross, Scott L. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author Mishonov, Alexey V. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author Paver, Christopher R. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author Seidov, Dan NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author Wang, Zhankun NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author Dukhovskoy, Dmitry NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author James Reagan NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) pointOfContact tableDigital World Ocean Atlas 2023 (WOA23) is a set of objectively analyzed (one degree grid and quarter degree grid) climatological fields of in situ temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, Apparent Oxygen Utilization (AOU), percent oxygen saturation, phosphate, silicate, and nitrate at standard depth levels for annual, seasonal, and monthly compositing periods for the World Ocean. Quarter degree fields are for temperature and salinity only. It also includes associated statistical fields of observed oceanographic profile data interpolated to standard depth levels on quarter degree, one degree, and five degree grids. Temperature and salinity fields are available for seven decades (1955-1964, 1965-1974, 1975-1984, 1985-1994, 1995-2004, 2005-2014, and 2015-2022), for three thirty year "climate normal" periods (1971-2000, 1981-2010, and 1991-2020), and for an average of the seven individual decades (1955-2022). Oxygen fields (as well as AOU and percent oxygen saturation) are available using all quality controlled bottle, CTD, and profiling float data from 1965-2022 as well as a thirty year "climate normal" using bottle and CTD data for 1971-2000. Nutrient fields are available using all quality controlled bottle data from the entire sampling period between 1965-2022. This accession is a product generated by the National Centers for Environmental Information's (NCEI) Ocean Climate Laboratory Team. The analyses are derived from the NCEI World Ocean Database 2023. Oceanographic objective analyses have proven to be of great utility to the oceanographic, climate research, geophysical, and operational environmental forecasting communities. Such analyses are used as boundary and/or initial conditions in numerical ocean circulation models and atmosphere-ocean models, for verification of numerical simulations of the ocean, as a form of "sea truth" for satellite measurements such as altimetric observations of sea surface height, for computation of nutrient fluxes by Ekman transport, and for planning oceanographic expeditions among others. completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:NCEI-WOA23 Preview graphic PNG 0270533 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2024-05-30 publication ANALYSES - ANNUAL SUMMARIES ANALYSES - MONTHLY SUMMARIES ANALYSES - SEASONAL SUMMARIES DISSOLVED OXYGEN NITRATE OXYGEN - APPARENT UTILIZATION (AOU) OXYGEN - PERCENT SATURATION phosphate SALINITY silicate WATER TEMPERATURE theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS atlas theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS World-Wide Distribution place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > NITRATE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > NUTRIENTS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > OXYGEN EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PHOSPHATE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > SILICATE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Oceans > Ocean Nutrients > Dissolved Inorganic Nutrients > Nitrate Oceans > Ocean Nutrients > Dissolved Inorganic Nutrients > Phosphate Oceans > Ocean Nutrients > Dissolved Inorganic Nutrients > Silicate Oceans > Ocean Oxygen > Dissolved Oxygen Oceans > Ocean Salinity Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Water Temperature theme Originator Keywords GEOGRAPHIC REGION > GLOBAL OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian accessLevel: Public otherRestrictions Cite as: Reagan, James R.; Boyer, Tim P.; García, Hernán E.; Locarnini, Ricardo A.; Baranova, Olga K.; Bouchard, Courtney; Cross, Scott L.; Mishonov, Alexey V.; Paver, Christopher R.; Seidov, Dan; Wang, Zhankun; Dukhovskoy, Dmitry (2023). World Ocean Atlas 2023. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/va26-hv25. Accessed [date]. When using temperature, please also cite: Locarnini, R.A., A.V. Mishonov, O.K. Baranova, J.R. Reagan, T.P. Boyer, D. Seidov, Z. Wang, H.E. Garcia, C. Bouchard, S.L. Cross, C.R. Paver, and D. Dukhovskoy (2024). World Ocean Atlas 2023, Volume 1: Temperature. A. Mishonov Technical Editor, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 89. https://doi.org/10.25923/54bh-1613 When using salinity, please also cite: Reagan, J.R., D. Seidov, Z. Wang, D. Dukhovskoy, T.P. Boyer, R.A. Locarnini, O.K. Baranova, A.V. Mishonov, H.E. Garcia, C. Bouchard, S.L. Cross, and C.R. Paver. (2024). World Ocean Atlas 2023, Volume 2: Salinity. A. Mishonov, Technical Editor, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 90. https://doi.org/10.25923/70qt-9574 When using oxygen, please also cite: Garcia, H.E., Z. Wang, C. Bouchard, S.L. Cross, C.R. Paver, J.R. Reagan, T.P. Boyer, R.A. Locarnini, A.V. Mishonov, O. Baranova, D. Seidov, and D. Dukhovskoy (2024). World Ocean Atlas 2023, Volume 3: Dissolved Oxygen, Apparent Oxygen Utilization, Dissolved Oxygen Saturation and 30 year Climate Normal. A. Mishonov, Tech. Ed. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 91. https://doi.org/10.25923/rb67-ns53 When using nutrients, please also cite: Garcia, H.E., C. Bouchard, S.L. Cross, C.R. Paver, Z. Wang, J.R. Reagan, T.P. Boyer, R.A. Locarnini, A.V. Mishonov, O. Baranova, D. Seidov, and D. Dukhovskoy (2024). World Ocean Atlas 2023, Volume 4: Dissolved Inorganic Nutrients (phosphate, nitrate, silicate). A. Mishonov, Tech. Ed. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 92. https://doi.org/10.25923/39qw-7j08 Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Locarnini, R. A., Mishonov, A. V., Baranova, O. K., Reagan, J. R., Boyer, T. P., Seidov, D., Wang, Z., Garcia, H. E., Bouchard, C., Cross, S. L., Paver, C. R., & Dukhovskoy, D. (2024). World Ocean Atlas 2023, Volume 1: Temperature. A. Mishonov, Technical Editor. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 89. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25923/54bh-1613 2024 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.25923/54bh-1613 https://doi.org/10.25923/54bh-1613 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.25923/54bh-1613 World Ocean Atlas 2023, Volume 1: Temperature information Locarnini, Ricardo A. author Mishonov, Alexey V. author Baranova, Olga K. author Reagan, James R. author Boyer, Timothy P. author Seidov, Dan author Wang, Zhankun author Garcia, Hernan E. author Bouchard, Courtney author Cross, Scott L. author Paver, Christopher R. author Dukhovskoy, Dmitry author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher documentDigital NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information A. Mishonov, Technical Editor. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 89 crossReference collection Reagan, J. R., Seidov, D., Wang, Z., Dukhovskoy, D., Boyer, T. P., Locarnini, R. A., Baranova, O. K., Mishonov, A. V., Garcia, H. E., Bouchard, C., Cross, S. L., & Paver, C. R. (2024). World Ocean Atlas 2023, Volume 2: Salinity. A. Mishonov, Technical Editor. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 90. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25923/70qt-9574 2024 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.25923/70qt-9574 https://doi.org/10.25923/70qt-9574 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.25923/70qt-9574 World Ocean Atlas 2023, Volume 2: Salinity information Reagan, James R. author Seidov, Dan author Wang, Zhankun author Dukhovskoy, Dmitry author Boyer, Timothy P. author Locarnini, Ricardo A. author Baranova, Olga K. author Mishonov, Alexey V. author Garcia, Hernan E. author Bouchard, Courtney author Cross, Scott L. author Paver, Christopher R. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher documentDigital NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information A. Mishonov, Technical Editor. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 90 crossReference collection Garcia, H. E., Wang, Z., Bouchard, C., Cross, S. L., Paver, C. R., Reagan, J. R., Boyer, T. P., Locarnini, R. A., Mishonov, A. V., Baranova, O. K., Seidov, D., & Dukhovskoy, D. (2024). World Ocean Atlas 2023, Volume 3: Dissolved Oxygen, Apparent Oxygen Utilization, and Dissolved Oxygen Saturation and 30 year Climate Normal. A. Mishonov, Technical Editor. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 91. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25923/rb67-ns53 2024 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.25923/rb67-ns53 https://doi.org/10.25923/rb67-ns53 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.25923/rb67-ns53 World Ocean Atlas 2023, Volume 3: Dissolved Oxygen, Apparent Oxygen Utilization, Dissolved Oxygen Saturation and 30 year Climate Normal information Garcia, Hernan E. author Wang, Zhankun author Bouchard, Courtney author Cross, Scott L. author Paver, Christopher R. author Reagan, James R. author Boyer, Timothy P. author Locarnini, Ricardo A. author Mishonov, Alexey V. author Baranova, Olga K. author Seidov, Dan author Dukhovskoy, Dmitry author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher documentDigital NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information A. Mishonov, Technical Editor. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 91 crossReference collection Garcia, H. E., Bouchard, C., Cross, S. L., Paver, C. R., Reagan, J. R., Boyer, T. P., Locarnini, R. A., Mishonov, A. V., Baranova, O. K., Seidov, D., Wang, Z., & Dukhovskoy, D. (2024). World Ocean Atlas 2023, Volume 4: Dissolved Inorganic Nutrients (phosphate, nitrate and nitrate+nitrite, silicate). A. Mishonov, Technical Editor. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 92. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25923/39qw-7j08 2024 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.25923/39qw-7j08 https://doi.org/10.25923/39qw-7j08 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.25923/39qw-7j08 World Ocean Atlas 2023, Volume 4: Dissolved Inorganic Nutrients (phosphate, nitrate, silicate) information Garcia, Hernan E. author Bouchard, Courtney author Cross, Scott L. author Paver, Christopher R. author Reagan, James R. author Boyer, Timothy P. author Locarnini, Ricardo A. author Mishonov, Alexey V. author Baranova, Olga K. author Seidov, Dan author Wang, Zhankun author Dukhovskoy, Dmitry author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher documentDigital NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information A. Mishonov, Technical Editor. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 92 crossReference collection eng; USA utf8 environment oceans -180 180 -90 90 1955-01-01 2022-12-31 The full release of WOA23 published in February 2024, replaces a preliminary version made available in October 2022 (NCEI accession 0270533 v1.1). The changes between this version and the previous version include: 1. Full release of temperature and salinity climatologies spanning seven individual decades (1955-1964...2015-2022), three climate normals (1971-2000, 1981-2010, 1991-2020), and a seven-decade average for the 1955-2022 time period. 2. The 1991-2020 climate normal for temperature and salinity that was released in the previous version has been updated in this most recent version. 3. Full release of oxygen, and related calculated parameters Apparent Oxygen Utilization (AOU) and percent oxygen saturation, climatogies. An all-data climatology that spans years 1965-2022 and a 1971-2000 climate normal climatology were included in this release. 4. Full release of inorganic nutrient climatologies which includes phosphate, silicate, and nitrate. These climatologies span the years 1965-2022. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. netCDF netCDF-4 classic NODC_NetCDF_Grid_Template_v2.0, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3 165653.28 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/thredds-ocean/catalog/woa23/DATA/catalog.html THREDDS Web browsers can browse THREDDS Data Servers and specialized THREDDS software can enable more sophisticated data access and visualizations. THREDDS These data are available through a variety of services via a THREDDS (Thematic Real-time Environmental Distributed Data Services) Data Server (TDS). Depending on the dataset, the TDS can provide WMS, WCS, DAP, HTTP, and other data access and metadata services as well. For more information on the TDS, see http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/thredds/current/tds/. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/world-ocean-atlas-2023/ HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/world-ocean-atlas HTTPS Web browser World Ocean Atlas Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page. information https://doi.org/10.25921/va26-hv25 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information series NCEI Accession 0270533 v1.1 was published. 2023-09-28T00:17:44Z NCEI Accession 0270533 was revised and v2.2 was published. 2024-02-15T04:09:10Z NCEI Accession 0270533 was revised and v3.3 was published. 2024-06-15T01:39:33Z asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. 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