gov.noaa.nodc:0156925 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2025-11-29T06:13:53Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), pH on total scale, total alkalinity, temperature, salinity and other variables collected from discrete sample and profile observations obtained during the R/V Mirai cruise GOSHIP_S04I_2013 (EXPOCODE 49NZ20130106) in the Indian Ocean and Southern Oceans from 2013-01-06 to 2013-02-15 (NCEI Accession 0156925) 2016-11-08 publication 2016-11-08 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.3334/cdiac/otg.goship_s04i_2013 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0156925 NCEI Archive Management System 0156925 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Alex Kozyr NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) Alex.Kozyr@noaa.gov resourceProvider Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) resourceProvider Hiroshi Uchida Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) huchida@jamstec.go.jp http://www.jamstec.go.jp HTTP Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Akihiko Murata Research Institute for Global Change (RIGC) akihiko.murata@jamstec.go.jp https://www.jamstec.go.jp/rigc/ HTTPS Research Institute for Global Change (RIGC) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Yuichiro Kumamoto Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) http://www.jamstec.go.jp HTTP Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) website Institution web page information collaborator Shigeru Aoki collaborator Michio Aoyama Meteorological Research Institute Japan (MRI) collaborator Uchida, Hiroshi Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) http://www.jamstec.go.jp HTTP Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) website Institution web page information author Murata, Akihiko Research Institute for Global Change (RIGC) https://www.jamstec.go.jp/rigc/ HTTPS Research Institute for Global Change (RIGC) website Institution web page information author Aoyama, Michio Meteorological Research Institute Japan (MRI) author Kumamoto, Yuichiro Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) http://www.jamstec.go.jp HTTP Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) website Institution web page information author Aoki, Shigeru author Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) http://www.jamstec.go.jp HTTP Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital This dataset consists of discrete profile measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity, pH on total scale, CTD temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC113), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), fluoro and chlorophyll obtained during the R/V Mirai cruise GOSHIP_S04I_2013 (EXPOCODE 49NZ20130106) in the Indian Ocean and Southern Oceans from 2013-01-06 to 2013-02-15. These data were collected by Hiroshi Uchida of Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) and Akihiko Murata of Meteorological Research Institute as part of the GOSHIP_S04I_2013 dataset. CDIAC associated the following cruise ID(s) with this dataset: GOSHIP_S04I_2013 This dataset is available to the public for a wide variety of uses including scientific research and analysis. Funding Information: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0156925 Preview graphic PNG 0156925 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2016-11-08 publication CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-11 (CFC-11) CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-113 (CFC-113) CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-12 (CFC-12) CHLOROPHYLL A DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC) DISSOLVED OXYGEN FLUORESCENCE HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE NITRATE NITRITE pH phosphate PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVE RADIATION (PAR) SALINITY silicate sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) total alkalinity WATER TEMPERATURE theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS bottle CTD PAR Sensor instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS biological chemical discrete sample optical physical profile theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS R/V MIRAI platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Indian Ocean Southern Ocean place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication DOE/ORNL/ESD/CDIAC > Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy JP/JAMSTEC > Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Japan dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian GOSHIP_S04I_2013 project Cruise ID 49NZ20130106 project EXPOCODE CLIVAR > Climate Variability project Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Project Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project project Ocean Acidification Search Keywords S04I project Reference Section ID EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > ALKALINITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CHLOROPHYLL EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > INORGANIC CARBON EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > NITRATE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > NITRITE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > OXYGEN EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PH EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PHOSPHATE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > SILICATE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN OPTICS > FLUORESCENCE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN OPTICS > PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN PRESSURE > WATER PRESSURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Discrete measurement Profile theme OCADS Study Type ALKALI CFC-11 CFC-12 CFC113 CHLORA CTDOXY CTDSAL CTDTMP FLUORO NITRAT NITRIT OXYGEN PHSPHT PH_TMP PH_TOT SALNTY SF6 SILCAT TCARBN XMISS theme Provider Variable Abbreviations CTD > Conductivity, Temperature, Depth PAR SENSORS > Photosynthetically Active Radiation Sensors instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian MIRAI (call sign: JNSR, ICES code: 49NZ, 1996-) platform ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes OCEAN > INDIAN OCEAN OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Southern Ocean place Provider Geographic Names accessLevel: Public otherRestrictions Cite as: Uchida, Hiroshi; Murata, Akihiko; Aoyama, Michio; Kumamoto, Yuichiro; Aoki, Shigeru (2016). Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), pH on total scale, total alkalinity, temperature, salinity and other variables collected from discrete sample and profile observations obtained during the R/V Mirai cruise GOSHIP_S04I_2013 (EXPOCODE 49NZ20130106) in the Indian Ocean and Southern Oceans from 2013-01-06 to 2013-02-15 (NCEI Accession 0156925). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.3334/cdiac/otg.goship_s04i_2013. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Uchida H., A. Murata, M. Aoyama, Y.Kumamato, and S. Aoki (2015). Carbon Dioxide, Hydrographic, and Chemical Data Obtained During the R/V Mirai Repeat Hydrography Cruise in the Pacific Ocean along the CLIVAR/GO-SHIP Section S04I_2013 (6 January - 15 February, 2013). Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, GOSHIP_S04I_2013. 2015 publication GOSHIP_S04I_2013 Uchida H., A. Murata, M. Aoyama, Y.Kumamato, and S. Aoki author Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) publisher Ocean CO2 [retrieved from http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/oceans/CLIVAR/S04I_2013/] crossReference CLIVAR Repeat Section S04I 2022 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/RepeatSections/clivar_s04i.html HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/RepeatSections/clivar_s04i.html related resource information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital crossReference project NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system 2022-04 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system OCADS website information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital [accessed 2024-02-08] crossReference program eng; USA utf8 environment oceans 33.4882 107.4453 -68.0568 -61.266 2013-01-06 2013-02-15 These data were acquired by NCEI from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) in accordance with an archival submission agreement between CDIAC and NCEI. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. CSV 101.488 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0156925.html HTTPS Web browser Project Metadata Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://doi.org/10.3334/cdiac/otg.goship_s04i_2013 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/156925 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/156925 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0099/0156925/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0156925 v1.1 was published. 2016-11-08T13:38:24Z NCEI Accession 0156925 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0156925/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0156925 v1.1 published 2016-11-08T13:38:24Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon; Abbreviation: TCARBN; Unit: UMOL/KG; Observation type: discrete; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Calculated; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Coulometric; Standardization description: Measurement of CT was made with two total CO2 measuring systems (called as Systems C and D, respectively; Nippon ANS, Inc.), which were slightly different from each other. The systems comprised of a seawater dispensing system, a CO2 extraction system and a coulometer. In this cruise, we used a same type (Model 3000, Nippon ANS) of coulometers, for Systems C and D, respectively.; CRM batch number: CRMs, batch 121, certified value = 2039.26 μmol kg-1 Parameter or Variable: Total alkalinity; Abbreviation: ALKALI; Unit: UMOL/KG; Observation type: discrete; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Type of titration: Gran; Cell type (open or closed): Close; Curve fitting method: Measurement of AT was made based on spectrophotometry using a custom-made system (Nippon ANS, Inc.). The system comprises of a water dispensing unit, an auto-burette (765 Dosimat, Metrohm), and a spectrophotometer (Carry 50 Bio, Varian), which are automatically controlled by a PC.; Uncertainty: The repeatability of measurements was estimated to be 0.6 μmol kg-1, which was calculated from 211 differences of replicate measurements.; Method reference: Dickson, A. G., C. L. Sabine and J. R. Christian eds. (2007), Guide to best practices for ocean CO2 measurements, PICES Special Publication 3, 191 pp. Parameter or Variable: pH; Abbreviation: PH_TOT; pH scale: Total Scale; Observation type: discrete; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Temperature of pH measurement: 25 °C; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: For an indicator solution, m-cresol purple (2 mM) was used. The indicator solution was produced on board a ship, and retained in a 1000 ml DURAN® laboratory bottle. We renewed an indicator solution 3 times when the headspace of the bottle became large, and monitored pH or absorbance ratio of the indicator solution by another spectrophotometer (Carry 50 Scan, Varian) using a cell with a short path length of 0.5 mm. In most indicator solutions, the absorbance ratios of the indicator solution were kept mostly between 1.4 and 1.6 by adding acid or alkali solution appropriately.; Uncertainty: It is recommended that correction for pH change resulting from addition of indicator solutions is made (Dickson et al., 2007). To check the perturbation of pH due to the addition, we measured absorbance ratios by doubling the volume of indicator solutions added to a same seawater sample. We corrected absorbance ratios based on an empirical method (Dickson et al., 2007), although the perturbations were small. Figure 3.7.1 illustrates a perturbation of absorbance ratios by adding indicator solutions for leg 2 in MR12-05 cruise. For 93 leg 3, the tendency was not significant statistically. Thus for correction, a value of 6.3364×10-5 was subtracted from the measured values. The reported values, which are the total scale, were set to the values at 25°C by the CO2 system calculation using data for pH and CT with K1 and K2 from Mehrbach et al. (1973) refit by Dickson and Millero (1987). The repeatability of measurements was estimated to be 0.0005 pH unit, which was calculated from 318 differences of replicate measurements. Parameter or Variable: CTDTMP; Abbreviation: CTDTMP; Unit: DEG_C; Controlled vocabulary name: WATER TEMPERATURE; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation Parameter or Variable: CTDSAL; Abbreviation: CTDSAL; Controlled vocabulary name: SALINITY; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation Parameter or Variable: SALNTY; Abbreviation: SALNTY; Controlled vocabulary name: SALINITY; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation Parameter or Variable: CTDOXY; Abbreviation: CTDOXY; Unit: UMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: DISSOLVED OXYGEN; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation Parameter or Variable: OXYGEN; Abbreviation: OXYGEN; Unit: UMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: DISSOLVED OXYGEN; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation Parameter or Variable: SILCAT; Abbreviation: SILCAT; Unit: UMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: silicate; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation Parameter or Variable: NITRAT; Abbreviation: NITRAT; Unit: UMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: NITRATE; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation Parameter or Variable: NITRIT; Abbreviation: NITRIT; Unit: UMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: NITRITE; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation Parameter or Variable: PHSPHT; Abbreviation: PHSPHT; Unit: UMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: phosphate; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation Parameter or Variable: CFC-11; Abbreviation: CFC-11; Unit: PMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-11 (CFC-11); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation Parameter or Variable: CFC-12; Abbreviation: CFC-12; Unit: PMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-12 (CFC-12); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation Parameter or Variable: CFC113; Abbreviation: CFC113; Unit: PMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-113 (CFC-113); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation Parameter or Variable: SF6; Abbreviation: SF6; Unit: FMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: Sulfur Hexaflouride (SF6); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation Parameter or Variable: PH_TMP; Abbreviation: PH_TMP; Unit: DEG_C; Controlled vocabulary name: pH; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation Parameter or Variable: CHLORA; Abbreviation: CHLORA; Unit: UG/L; Controlled vocabulary name: CHLOROPHYLL A; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation Parameter or Variable: XMISS; Abbreviation: XMISS; Unit: %TRANS; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation Parameter or Variable: FLUORO; Abbreviation: FLUORO; Unit: VOLTS; Controlled vocabulary name: FLUORESCENCE; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian bottle bottle any type of water bottle sampling device Generic name for water collection device; usually used to determine temperature, salinity and provide water aliquots for measurement of a wide range of parameters; often referred to by a specific type of water sampling bottle, such as a Nansen or Niskin bottle. CTD CTD Conductivity-Temperature-Depth probe PAR Sensor PAR Sensor Photosynthetically Active Radiation Sensor The PAR sensor measures global solar radiation from 400 to 700 nm, which approximates the spectral band active in photosynthesis. The response of the instrument falls sharply to zero on either side of this band, and between 400 and 670 nm it increases monotonically from about 50% to 100%. There is no protective glass dome over the receiving surface. Irradiance from the sun passes through a small white visible bandpass filter/diffuser in the shape of a horizontal disk at the top of the instrument. Within the instrument radiation is directed through a series of colored glass filters and onto a silicon photodiode detector. The factory-supplied calibration converts the signal from the detector to a flux of photons in micro-mole (of photons) s-1 m-2. (One micro-mole equals 6.022 E17 photons.) For the solar spectrum, these units may be converted to watts per square meter by dividing by 4.6. (http://www.srrb.noaa.gov/instrument/par.htm) R/V MIRAI R/V, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC); built 1972 as Mutsu; renamed on 2 Dec 1996; active as Mar 2007;