noaa-ocean-2591 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2024-04-02 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Equatorial Atlantic SST Data 1994-07-01 publication doi:10.25921/ymam-w156 noaa-ocean-2591 NCEI DSI 1200_02 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Sikes, E.L. originator Sikes, E.L. author Keigwin, L.D. originator Keigwin, L.D. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Paleoceanography. The data include parameters of paleoceanography with a geographic location of North Atlantic Ocean. The time period coverage is from 37884 to 8017 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Records of past climate and ocean circulation derived from marine sediments. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this dataset. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the dataset citations. completed NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/webimages/pc-default-ocean.png Paleoclimatology - Paleoceanography PNG Earth Science > Paleoclimate > Ocean/Lake Records Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Ocean/Lake Records theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleocean > age control earth science > paleoclimate > paleocean > population abundance earth science > paleoclimate > paleocean > lithology earth science > paleoclimate > paleocean > biomarkers earth science > paleoclimate > paleocean > reconstruction earth science > paleoclimate > paleocean > oxygen isotopes earth science > paleoclimate > paleocean > carbon isotopes theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction theme What: C37:2 alkenone; Material: null What: delta 13C; Material: Trilobatus sacculifer What: Globorotalia truncatulinoides; Material: null What: Neogloboquadrina pachyderma dextral; Material: null What: identified foraminifer; Material: null What: identified foraminifer; Material: null What: C37:3 alkenone; Material: null What: delta 18O; Material: Trilobatus sacculifer What: identified foraminifer; Material: null What: Globigerinoides ruber pink; Material: null What: identified foraminifer; Material: null What: identified foraminifer; Material: null What: Orbulina universa; Material: null What: organic carbon; Material: sediment What: Globigerinella siphonifera; Material: null What: Globorotalia hirsuta; Material: null What: Globorotalia inflata; Material: null What: Globigerinoides ruber white; Material: null What: Pulleniatina obliquiloculata; Material: null What: Trilobatus sacculifer; Material: null What: identified foraminifer; Material: null What: Globorotalia truncatulinoides; Material: null What: calcium carbonate; Material: sediment What: foraminifer fragmentation; Material: null What: Globigerina bulloides; Material: null What: Globorotalia crassaformis; Material: null What: sea surface temperature; Material: null What: delta 18O; Material: null What: identified foraminifer; Material: null What: identified foraminifer; Material: null What: age; Material: null What: sea surface temperature; Material: alkenone unsaturation index What: Neogloboquadrina pachyderma sinistral; Material: null What: identified foraminifer; Material: null What: alkenone unsaturation index Uk37 prime; Material: null What: Neogloboquadrina dutertrei; Material: null What: depth; Material: null What: total planktic foraminifers; Material: null What: identified foraminifer; Material: null What: Globorotalia menardii; Material: null What: Globorotalia tumida; Material: null theme Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoenvironmental-standard-terms-thesaurus PaST Thesaurus information publisher Ocean > Atlantic Ocean > North Atlantic Ocean > 12PC51 > LATITUDE 0 > LONGITUDE -23 place DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian otherRestrictions Cite as: Sikes, E.L.; Keigwin, L.D. (1994-07-01): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Equatorial Atlantic SST Data. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/ymam-w156. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose otherRestrictions None otherRestrictions Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. Equatorial Atlantic sea surface temperature for the last 30 kyr: A comparison of U37 k′, δ18O and foraminiferal assemblage temperature estimates 1994 publication Sikes, E.L., and L.D. Keigwin author Paleoceanography publisher https://doi.org/10.1029/93PA02198 HTTPS Web Browser Associated Reference published 1994 Sikes, E.L., and L.D. Keigwin, 1994: Equatorial Atlantic sea surface temperature for the last 30 kyr: A comparison of U37 k′, δ18O and foraminiferal assemblage temperature estimates. Paleoceanography, 9, 31-45, 10.1029/93PA02198 information crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA geoscientificInformation Date Range: 33150 14C yr BP to 7190 14C yr BP; Date Range: 37884 cal yr BP to 8017 cal yr BP; -23 -23 0 0 Study Coordinates 0 -23 -35934 -6067 ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: A recently developed technique for determining past sea surface temperatures (SST), based on an analysis of the unsaturation ratio of long chain C37 methyl alkenones produced by Prymnesiophyceae phytoplankton (U37k′), has been applied to an upper Quaternary sediment core from the equatorial Atlantic. U37k′ temperature estimates were compared to those obtained from δ18O of the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides sacculifer and of planktonic foraminiferal assemblages for the last glacial cycle. The alkenone method showed 1.8°C cooling at the last glacial maximum, about 1/2 to 1/3 of the decrease shown by the isotopic method (6.3°C) and foraminiferal modern analogue technique estimates for the warm season (3.8°C). Warm season foraminiferal assemblage estimates based on transfer functions are out of phase with the other estimates, showing a 1.4°C drop at the last glacial maximum with an additional 0.9°C drop in the deglaciation. Increased alkenone abundances, total organic carbon percentage and foraminiferal accumulation rates in the last glaciation indicate an increase in productivity of as much as 4 times over present day. These changes are thought to be due to increased upwelling caused by enhanced winds during the glaciation. If U37k′ estimates are correct, as much as 50–70% (up to 4.5°C) of estimated δ18O and modern analogue temperature changes in the last glaciation may have been due to changes in thermocline depth, whereas transfer functions seem more strongly influenced by seasonality changes. This indicates these estimates may be influenced as strongly by other factors as they are by SST, which in the equatorial Atlantic was only reduced slightly in the last glaciation. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Native Format(s) https://doi.org/10.25921/ymam-w156 HTTPS Landing Page Metadata Landing Page NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/2591 HTTPS Web Browser NOAA Study Page Study page with data access information. search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoceanography HTTPS Information NCEI Paleoceanography Page General information for this data type. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/sediment_files/complete/12pc51-tab.txt HTTPS Download /paleocean/sediment_files/complete/12pc51-tab.txt Alternate Format Data download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/sikes1994 HTTPS Download /contributions_by_author/sikes1994 Original Data and Full Metadata download asNeeded This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21