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      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/seaname/details/39" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Baffin Bay</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/seaname/details/56" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Davis Strait</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/seaname/details/95" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Northwestern Passages</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="place">place</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
            </gmd:CI_Citation>
          </gmd:thesaurusName>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>oceanography</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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          <gmd:thesaurusName>
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                <gco:CharacterString>WMO_CategoryCode</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:date>
                    <gco:Date>2012-09-15</gco:Date>
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                  <gmd:dateType>
                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="publication">publication</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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                </gmd:CI_Date>
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        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/48a17cdd-7391-43a7-a057-171cb35e949c" xlink:actuate="onRequest">CA/DFO/BIO &gt; Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans, Canada</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/57575ac9-6f16-4a8a-9203-b261b806f438" xlink:actuate="onRequest">CA/DFO/PR/SB/IOS &gt; Institute of Ocean Sciences, Science Branch, Pacific Region, Fisheries and Oceans, Canada</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="dataCentre">dataCentre</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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                <gmd:CI_Date>
                  <gmd:date>
                    <gco:Date>2026</gco:Date>
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                  <gmd:dateType>
                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="revision">revision</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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                </gmd:CI_Date>
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              <gmd:edition>
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                  <gmd:contactInfo>
                    <gmd:CI_Contact>
                      <gmd:address>
                        <gmd:CI_Address>
                          <gmd:city>
                            <gco:CharacterString>Greenbelt</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:city>
                          <gmd:administrativeArea>
                            <gco:CharacterString>MD</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:administrativeArea>
                        </gmd:CI_Address>
                      </gmd:address>
                      <gmd:onlineResource>
                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                          <gmd:linkage>
                            <gmd:URL>https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords</gmd:URL>
                          </gmd:linkage>
                          <gmd:protocol>
                            <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:protocol>
                          <gmd:name>
                            <gco:CharacterString>GCMD Keyword Forum Page</gco:CharacterString>
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                          <gmd:description>
                            <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:description>
                          <gmd:function>
                            <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
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                        </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                      </gmd:onlineResource>
                    </gmd:CI_Contact>
                  </gmd:contactInfo>
                  <gmd:role>
                    <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="custodian">custodian</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
                  </gmd:role>
                </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
              </gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
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          </gmd:thesaurusName>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>AN1902, 2019 ArcticNet</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="project">project</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>Cruise ID</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
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          </gmd:thesaurusName>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>18DL20190530</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="project">project</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>EXPOCODE</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
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          </gmd:thesaurusName>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="project">project</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>Ocean Acidification Search Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
            </gmd:CI_Citation>
          </gmd:thesaurusName>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Canadian Archipelago</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="project">project</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>Reference Section ID</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
            </gmd:CI_Citation>
          </gmd:thesaurusName>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/4eab7956-e59e-4615-8d5c-39a16faa1f27" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; ALKALINITY</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/64d17528-29b4-4e2e-843a-7f7035bb5717" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; AMMONIA</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/d9b4f30d-bddd-4888-b66b-07d2dc09708b" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; INORGANIC CARBON</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/4fde380a-38c5-4d46-bc80-4f2515a43983" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; NITRATE</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/941410da-0b7f-4ec6-a718-212194ced13f" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; NITRITE</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/90aa8838-79bd-4b28-b518-8217e863c385" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; OXYGEN</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/0b513d8c-bfd3-44ee-976e-42757b8375a2" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; PHOSPHATE</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/c91c8879-1b29-48e3-b4cd-a238af66cdaf" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; SILICATE</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/dd025312-0d27-44e0-ae05-7cfcc1aa17f0" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN PRESSURE &gt; WATER PRESSURE</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/46206e8c-8def-406f-9e62-da4e74633a58" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN TEMPERATURE &gt; WATER TEMPERATURE</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/7e95b5fc-1d58-431a-af36-948b29fa870d" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; SALINITY/DENSITY &gt; SALINITY</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gmd:CI_Date>
                  <gmd:date>
                    <gco:Date>2026</gco:Date>
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                  <gmd:dateType>
                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="revision">revision</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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              <gmd:edition>
                <gco:CharacterString>23</gco:CharacterString>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>Greenbelt</gco:CharacterString>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>MD</gco:CharacterString>
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                      <gmd:onlineResource>
                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                          <gmd:linkage>
                            <gmd:URL>https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords</gmd:URL>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Profile</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>OCADS Study Type</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
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        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Ammonium</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Ammonium_flag</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>CRUISE</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>CTDOXY</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>CTDPRES</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>CTDSAL_PSS78</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>CTDTEMP_ITS90</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Cast_number</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>DELO18</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>DELO18_flag</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>DIC</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>DIC_flag</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Day_UTC</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Depth_bottom</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Latitude</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Longitude</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Month_UTC</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Nitrate</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Nitrate_flag</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Nitrite</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Nitrite_flag</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Phosphate</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Phosphate_flag</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Rosette_position</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Salinity_PSS78</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Silicate</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Silicate_flag</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Station_ID</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>TA</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>TA_flag</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Time_UTC</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Year_UTC</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>Provider Variable Abbreviations</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
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          </gmd:thesaurusName>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/79f76e22-ae42-450d-8bed-d05a800f6ea0" xlink:actuate="onRequest">AUTOANALYZER &gt; AUTOANALYZER</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/7aecabfb-0047-484f-8396-efc0da16bc20" xlink:actuate="onRequest">CO2 ANALYZERS &gt; CO2 ANALYZERS</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/fdcfecd6-9731-450e-94e8-5bc4c04e22a2" xlink:actuate="onRequest">OXYGEN METERS &gt; OXYGEN METERS</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon;
Abbreviation: DIC;
Unit: micro-mol per kilogram;
Observation type: profile;
Measured or calculated: MEASURED;
Sampling instrument: niskin bottle on 24-bottle rosette;
Analyzing instrument: VINDTA 3D or SOMMA;
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: DIC was determined by coulometric titration;
Replicate information: 10% of all sampes were collected in duplicate from the same niskin bottle;
CRM manufacturer: Andrew Dickson's lab at Scripps Institution of Oceanography;
CRM batch number: 160;
Preservation method: saturated solution of mercury (II) chloride;
Preservative volume: 100 uL of mercuric chloride was added to 500 mL samples;
Preservative correction: (known standard value/measured standard value) X measured sample value X 1.0002 (HgCl2 correction for 500 mL sample);
Method reference: Dickson, A.G., Sabine, C.L. and Christian, J.R. (Eds.) 2007. Guide to best practices for ocean CO2 measurements. PICES Special Publication 3, 191 pp.;
Researcher name: Marty Davelaar, Stephen Punshon;
Researcher institution: Institute of Ocean Sciences, Bedford Institute of Oceanography</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Total alkalinity;
Abbreviation: TA;
Unit: micro-mol per kilogram;
Observation type: profile;
Measured or calculated: MEASURED;
Sampling instrument: niskin bottle on 24-bottle rosette;
Type of titration: potentiometric titration;
Cell type (open or closed): OPEN;
Curve fitting method: non-linear least squares end-point determination;
Replicate information: 10% of all sampes were collected in duplicate from the same niskin bottle;
CRM manufacturer: Andrew Dickson's lab at Scripps Institution of Oceanopgraphy;
CRM batch number: 160;
Preservation method: saturated solution of mercury (II) chloride;
Preservative volume: 100 uL of mercuric chloride was added to 500 mL samples;
Preservative correction: (known standard value/measured standard value) X measured sample value X 1.0002 (HgCl2 correction for 500 mL samples);
Method reference: Dickson, A.G., Sabine, C.L. and Christian, J.R. (Eds.) 2007. Guide to best practices for ocean CO2 measurements. PICES Special Publication 3, 191 pp.;
Researcher name: Marty Davelaar, Stephen Punshon;
Researcher institution: Institute of Ocean Sciences, Bedford Institute of Oceanography</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Hydrostatic pressure recorded from CTD at depth where discrete sample was collected;
Abbreviation: CTDPRES;
Unit: decibars;
Observation type: profile;
Sampling instrument: CTD;
Analyzing instrument: Sea Bird 911plus+;
Uncertainty: accuracy of 0.015% of full scale range;
Researcher institution: Amundsen Science</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: In-situ temperature recorded from CTD on the ITS-90 scale;
Abbreviation: CTDTEMP_ITS90;
Unit: degrees celcius;
Observation type: profile;
Sampling instrument: CTD;
Analyzing instrument: Sea Bird 911plus+;
Uncertainty: accuracy of 0.001 deg C;
Researcher institution: Amundsen Science</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Salinity calculated from conductivity recorded with CTD using the equation of the practical salinity scale of 1978.;
Abbreviation: CTDSAL_PSS78;
Unit: unitless;
Observation type: profile;
Sampling instrument: CTD;
Analyzing instrument: Sea Bird 911plus+;
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: salinity measurements from the Sea Bird 911plus+ were calibrated using bottles samples for salinity run on an Autosal model 8400B;
Uncertainty: accuracy of 0.0003 S/m for conductivity measurements;
Researcher institution: Amundsen Science</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Dissolved oxygen concentration from oxygen sensor mounted on the CTD;
Abbreviation: CTDOXY;
Unit: micro-mol per kilogram;
Observation type: profile;
Analyzing instrument: Sea-Bird SBE-43;
Uncertainty: accuracy of 2% of saturation;
Method reference: Owens, W. B., and R. C. Millard Jr., 1985, A new algorithm for CTD oxygen calibration. J. Physical Oceanography, 15, 621-631. ; Garcia H. E. and L.I. Gordon, 1992, Oxygen solubility in seawater: Better fitting equations, Limnology &amp; Oceanography, vol 37(6), p1307-1312;
Researcher institution: Amundsen Science</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Salinity calculated from conductivity measured from discrete bottles using the equation of the practical salinity scale 1978.;
Abbreviation: Salinity_PSS78;
Unit: unitless;
Observation type: profile;
Sampling instrument: niskin bottle on 24-bottle rosette;
Analyzing instrument: Guildline Autosal 8400B;
Replicate information: 10% of all sampes were collected in duplicate from the same niskin bottle;
Uncertainty: accuracy of 0.002 PSU based on Autosal 8400B documentation;
Researcher name: Shawn Marriott, Brent Else;
Researcher institution: University of Calgary</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Stable oxygen isotope ratio of discrete seawater sample (delta-O-18).;
Abbreviation: DELO18;
Unit: per mille;
Observation type: profile;
Sampling instrument: niskin bottle on 24-bottle rosette;
Analyzing instrument: integrated off-axis cavity absorption spectrometer (Los Gatos Research, Triple Liquid Water Isotope Analyzer, Model 912-0032);
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: The LGR analyzer was calibrated every 4 samples with in-house standards that were calibrated against VSMOW2 and SLAP2 standards. For each sample, 8 replicates were sequentially measured through an auto-injector. The first 4 measurements were discarded to eliminate memory effects, and the average of the last 4 measurements was used for isotope ratio calculations;
Uncertainty: precision better than 0.2 â° (2Ï) in replicate measurements;
Researcher name: Mohamed Ahmed, Brent Else;
Researcher institution: University of Calgary</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Silicate (total dissolved inorganic silicate content);
Abbreviation: Silicate;
Unit: micro-mol per kilogram;
Observation type: profile;
Sampling instrument: niskin bottle on 24-bottle rosette;
Analyzing instrument: Bran and Luebbe AutoAnalyzer III;
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Samples were run within a few hours of collection in the field. Working standards were prepared at each station and checked against certified reference material (KANSO CRM) inserted into the sample run.;
Uncertainty: better than 0.1 micro-mol per liter;
Researcher name: Jonathan Gagnon, Gabrielle Deslongchamps, Jean-Eric Tremblay;
Researcher institution: Universite Laval</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Phosphate (total dissolved inorganic phosphate content);
Abbreviation: Phosphate;
Unit: micro-mol per kilogram;
Observation type: profile;
Sampling instrument: niskin bottle on 24-bottle rosette;
Analyzing instrument: Bran and Luebbe AutoAnalyzer III;
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Samples were run within a few hours of collection in the field. Working standards were prepared at each station and checked against certified reference material (KANSO CRM) inserted into the sample run.;
Uncertainty: better than 0.05 micro-mol per liter;
Researcher name: Jonathan Gagnon, Gabrielle Deslongchamps, Jean-Eric Tremblay;
Researcher institution: Universite Laval</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Nitrate content;
Abbreviation: Nitrate;
Unit: micro-mol per kilogram;
Observation type: profile;
Sampling instrument: niskin bottle on 24-bottle rosette;
Analyzing instrument: Bran and Luebbe AutoAnalyzer III;
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Samples were run within a few hours of collection in the field. Working standards were prepared at each station and checked against certified reference material (KANSO CRM) inserted into the sample run.;
Uncertainty: better than 0.03 micro-mol per liter;
Researcher name: Jonathan Gagnon, Gabrielle Deslongchamps, Jean-Eric Tremblay;
Researcher institution: Universite Laval</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Nitrite content;
Abbreviation: Nitrite;
Unit: micro-mol per kilogram;
Observation type: profile;
Sampling instrument: niskin bottle on 24-bottle rosette;
Analyzing instrument: Bran and Luebbe AutoAnalyzer III;
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Samples were run within a few hours of collection in the field. Working standards were prepared at each station and checked against certified reference material (KANSO CRM) inserted into the sample run.;
Uncertainty: better than 0.02 micro-mol per liter;
Researcher name: Jonathan Gagnon, Gabrielle Deslongchamps, Jean-Eric Tremblay;
Researcher institution: Universite Laval</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Ammonium content;
Abbreviation: Ammonium;
Unit: micro-mol per kilogram;
Observation type: profile;
Sampling instrument: niskin bottle on 24-bottle rosette;
Analyzing instrument: Bran and Luebbe AutoAnalyzer III;
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Samples were run within a few hours of collection in the field and working standards were prepared at each station. Ammonium concentrations were determined manually using the fluorometric method of Holmes et al. (1999);
Uncertainty: better than 0.02 micro-mol per liter;
Method reference: ï»¿Holmes, R. M., Aminot, A., KÃ©rouel, R., Hooker, B. A., &amp; Peterson, B. J. (1999). A simple and precise method for measuring ammonium in marine and freshwater ecosystems. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 56(10), 1801â1808.;
Researcher name: Jonathan Gagnon, Gabrielle Deslongchamps, Jean-Eric Tremblay;
Researcher institution: Universite Laval</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Cruise number;
Abbreviation: CRUISE;
Unit: N/A</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Station name;
Abbreviation: Station_ID;
Unit: N/A</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Cast number;
Abbreviation: Cast_number;
Unit: N/A</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Rosette bottle position number;
Abbreviation: Rosette_position;
Unit: N/A</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Calendar year in UTC when nisking bottle was triggered;
Abbreviation: Year_UTC;
Unit: N/A</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Calendar month in UTC when nisking bottle was triggered;
Abbreviation: Month_UTC;
Unit: N/A</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Calendar day in UTC when nisking bottle was triggered;
Abbreviation: Day_UTC;
Unit: N/A</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Time in UTC when nisking bottle was triggered;
Abbreviation: Time_UTC;
Unit: N/A</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Latitude in decimal degrees North;
Abbreviation: Latitude;
Unit: decimal degN</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Longtitude in decimal degrees East;
Abbreviation: Longitude;
Unit: decimal degE</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Bottom water depth of the sampling station;
Abbreviation: Depth_bottom;
Unit: meters</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: WOCE water sample quality code following Jiang et al. (2022);
Abbreviation: DIC_flag;
Unit: N/A</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: WOCE water sample quality code following Jiang et al. (2022);
Abbreviation: TA_flag;
Unit: N/A</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: WOCE water sample quality code following Jiang et al. (2022);
Abbreviation: DELO18_flag;
Unit: N/A</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: WOCE water sample quality code following Jiang et al. (2022);
Abbreviation: Silicate_flag;
Unit: N/A</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: WOCE water sample quality code following Jiang et al. (2022);
Abbreviation: Phosphate_flag;
Unit: N/A</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: WOCE water sample quality code following Jiang et al. (2022);
Abbreviation: Nitrate_flag;
Unit: N/A</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: WOCE water sample quality code following Jiang et al. (2022);
Abbreviation: Nitrite_flag;
Unit: N/A</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: WOCE water sample quality code following Jiang et al. (2022);
Abbreviation: Ammonium_flag;
Unit: N/A</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
        </gmd:LI_Lineage>
      </gmd:lineage>
    </gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
  </gmd:dataQualityInfo>
  <gmd:metadataMaintenance>
    <gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
      <gmd:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency>
        <gmd:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode" codeListValue="asNeeded">asNeeded</gmd:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode>
      </gmd:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency>
      <gmd:maintenanceNote>
        <gco:CharacterString>Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.</gco:CharacterString>
      </gmd:maintenanceNote>
      <gmd:contact>
        <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
          <gmd:organisationName>
            <gco:CharacterString>NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:organisationName>
          <gmd:role>
            <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="custodian">custodian</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
          </gmd:role>
        </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
      </gmd:contact>
    </gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
  </gmd:metadataMaintenance>
  <gmi:acquisitionInformation>
    <gmi:MI_AcquisitionInformation id="AMS">
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_be58">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>measures gaseous carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water.

To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_bee7">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>CTD</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>CTD</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>Conductivity-Temperature-Depth probe</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_be3d">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>Niskin bottle</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>Niskin bottle</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>Device for obtaining samples of seawater at a specific depth

Why special entry for Niskin bottle but no entry for Nansen bottle?</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_be48">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>nutrient autoanalyzer</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>nutrient autoanalyzer</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>Laboratory Instrument

Nutrient Autoanalyzer is a generic term describing an automated flow-thru system used to conduct analyses of several different nutrients (nitrate, ammonium, orthophosphate, and silicate) simultaneously from a seawater sample.

For example:
SEAL AutoAnalyzer 3 HR Continuous Segmented Flow Analyzer</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_bef4">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>oxygen sensor</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>oxygen sensor</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>Any instrument that measures oxygen content in a compound.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_be41">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>temperature sensor</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>temperature sensor</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>A sensor used to measure temperature.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_bec4">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>thermosalinograph</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>thermosalinograph</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>automated sea surface temperature and salinity instrument, usually attached to the hull of a ship

Thermosalinograph is an automated Sea Surface Temperature and Salinity measurement system making measurement on board a ship using a water intake.
[https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/tsg/about.php 2021-01-29]</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_be28">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>titrator</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>titrator</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>titrator</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:platform>
        <gmi:MI_Platform id="plat_902b">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>CCGS Amundsen</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>ICES request for the vessel Amundsen from CANADA.
NOTE: Canada platform SIR JOHN FRANKLIN (NODC Code=18SZ) is a previous name for this platform and had the same call sign.

Name : Amundsen
Flag : CANADA - CA (ISO Country Code)
Call Sign : CGDT
Title : CCGS
Platform Class : 31 Research vessel
IMO : 7510846
Commissioned Date : 2003
Current Length : 98.33
Built : 1979
Previous Name (Notes): SIR JOHN FRANKLIN
Notes : Converted to coast guard icebreaker/research vessel in 2003

Additional Information Sources:

- http://www.amundsen.ulaval.ca/index.php?url=11210

Same Vessels Info:
18SZ - SIR JOHN FRANKLIN

Confirmed by NOAA on 2013-04-15.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
          <gmi:instrument gco:nilReason="missing" />
        </gmi:MI_Platform>
      </gmi:platform>
    </gmi:MI_AcquisitionInformation>
  </gmi:acquisitionInformation>
</gmi:MI_Metadata>