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        <gco:CharacterString>This dataset includes discrete sample and profile data collected from RRS JAMES COOK in the South Atlantic Ocean, South Pacific Ocean and Southern Oceans (&gt; 60 degrees South) from 2009-02-03 to 2009-03-03. These data include DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC), DISSOLVED OXYGEN, HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE, NITRATE, SALINITY, TOTAL ALKALINITY (TA), WATER TEMPERATURE, phosphate and silicate. The instruments used to collect these data include Alkalinity titrator, CTD, Coulometer for DIC measurement and bottle.

These data were collected by Dorothee C. E. Bakker of University of East Anglia; School of Environmental Sciences as part of the CLIVAR_A21_JC031_2009 dataset. CDIAC associated the following cruise ID(s) with this dataset: CLIVAR_A21_JC031_2009

The International CLIVAR Global Ocean Carbon and Repeat Hydrography Program carries out a systematic and global re-occupation of select WOCE/JGOFS hydrographic sections to quantify changes in storage and transport of heat, fresh water, carbon dioxide (CO2), and related parameters.</gco:CharacterString>
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                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
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                            <gmd:URL>https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords</gmd:URL>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>
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          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>Ocean Acidification Search Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
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          </gmd:thesaurusName>
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      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
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              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>Reference Section ID</gco:CharacterString>
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      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/4eab7956-e59e-4615-8d5c-39a16faa1f27" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; ALKALINITY</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/d9b4f30d-bddd-4888-b66b-07d2dc09708b" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; INORGANIC CARBON</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/4fde380a-38c5-4d46-bc80-4f2515a43983" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; NITRATE</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/90aa8838-79bd-4b28-b518-8217e863c385" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; OXYGEN</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/0b513d8c-bfd3-44ee-976e-42757b8375a2" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; PHOSPHATE</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/c91c8879-1b29-48e3-b4cd-a238af66cdaf" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; SILICATE</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/dd025312-0d27-44e0-ae05-7cfcc1aa17f0" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN PRESSURE &gt; WATER PRESSURE</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/46206e8c-8def-406f-9e62-da4e74633a58" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN TEMPERATURE &gt; WATER TEMPERATURE</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/7e95b5fc-1d58-431a-af36-948b29fa870d" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; SALINITY/DENSITY &gt; SALINITY</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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          <gmd:thesaurusName>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gmd:CI_Date>
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                    <gco:Date>2026</gco:Date>
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                            <gmd:URL>https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords</gmd:URL>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Profile</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>OCADS Study Type</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>ALKALI</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>CTDOXY</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>CTDSAL</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>CTDTMP</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>DIC</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>NITRAT</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OXYGEN</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>PHSPHT</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>SALNTY</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>SILCAT</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>TA</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>TCARBN</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>Provider Variable Abbreviations</gco:CharacterString>
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      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/0b6020a0-2e04-407d-83af-34eabfefb870" xlink:actuate="onRequest">COULOMETERS</gmx:Anchor>
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                <gmd:CI_Date>
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                            <gmd:URL>https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords</gmd:URL>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>
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      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://vocab.ices.dk/services/pox/GetCodeDetail/SHIPC/740H" xlink:actuate="onRequest">JAMES COOK (call sign: MLRM6, ICES code: 740H, 2006-)</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="platform">platform</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
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                <gco:CharacterString>ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/fa0ec8a7-ebed-4f2d-834b-1fa6a1c2e0ed" xlink:actuate="onRequest">OCEAN &gt; PACIFIC OCEAN &gt; SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/b791f381-1c1c-4958-bc7d-b72a15da1174" xlink:actuate="onRequest">OCEAN &gt; SOUTHERN OCEAN</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="place">place</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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              <gmd:title>
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                <gmd:CI_Date>
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                <gco:CharacterString>NCEI Accession 0110379 was revised and v2.2 was published.</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon;
Abbreviation: DIC;
Observation type: discrete;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation;
Measured or calculated: Calculated;
Replicate information: Analysis of 2 replicate analyses (per bottle). For the stand-alone instrument values from the 1st and the 2nd analysis did not show a systematic offset and both values were used. For the Vindta instrument only values for the 1st analysis were used, as DIC of the 2nd analysis was systematically slightly lower than that of the 1st analysis due to outgassing. Nonetheless the repeat analyses on the Vindta provided a useful quality control on the performance of the instrument.;
CRM batch number: 90 92</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Total alkalinity;
Abbreviation: TA;
Observation type: discrete;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation;
Measured or calculated: Measured;
Type of titration: Potentiometric titration on 2 Vindtas V4 (ID 4) and V7 (ID 7). The alkalinity measurements were made by potentiometric titration with two VINDTA instruments (#4 and #7, version 3C, Mintrop, 2004). The acid consumption up to the second endpoint is equal to titration alkalinity. The systems use a highly precise Metrohm Titrino for adding acid, an ORION-Ross pH electrode and a Metrohm reference electrode. The pipette (volume approximately 100 ml), and the analysis cell have a water jacket around them. The titrant (0.1 M hydrochloric acid, HCl) was made in the home laboratory. Samples on one Vindta (#4) were run, after analysis on the stand-along DIC extractor and warming to 25Â°C. Samples on the second Vindta (#7) were run for both DIC and alkalinity at 25Â°C. Replicate analyses were run for all samples on the Vindta #7 and for most samples on the Vindta #4. At least two CRMs of batch 92 or 90 were run per station. TA was calculated in Matlab code by Steven van Heuven, version 33, based on code by Ernie Lewis in QB (1996);;
Cell type (open or closed): Open;
Curve fitting method: Modified Levenberg-Marquard least squares program;
TA blank correction: Acid factor instrument V4: 0.0970 +/- 0.0004 M; instrument V7: 0.0976 +/- 0.005 M for the hydrochloric acid. Both instruments used subsamples of the same acid stock solution. When preparing the solutions we aimed for an acid factor of 0.1M HCl. The accuracy of the calibration of the TA pipette would have contributed to the difference in the average acid factor between both instruments.;
Uncertainty: The accuracy of the TA data (with flag 2) has been estimated as 3 Âµmol/kg for the cruise. The accuracy has been estimated from the average standard deviation of CRMs per acid batch, which was 1 Âµmol/kg for the western A21 section and 3 Âµmol/kg for the eastern SR1b section. The precision of the TA sample averages (with flags 2 and 3) has been estimated as 3 Âµmol/kg for the cruise from the repeatability of 674 pairs of duplicate samples (Dickson et al., 2007, SOP 23). The repeatability was slightly better for Vindta V4 (2.3 Âµmol/kg, 372 samples) than for Vindta V7 (2.7 Âµmol/kg, 302 samples). TA data were calibrated with the acid factors, whenever possible per acid batch. Preliminary data showed substantial offsets between neighboring stations, in particular for the second eastern SR1b section for Vindta V4, with Vindta V4 TA data often lower than those for V7. Such offsets between stations were deemed to be unrealistic and an artifact of the analytical procedure. The acid factor of such outlier stations on Vindta V4 was adjusted in order to remove the offset. This correction concerns stations 11 (+5 Âµmol/kg), 38 (+4 Âµmol/kg), 39 (+3 Âµmol/kg), 43 (+2 Âµmol/kg), 50 (+5 Âµmol/kg), 54 (+5 Âµmol/kg), 58 (+8 Âµmol/kg), 66 (+3 Âµmol/kg), 70 (+11 Âµmol/kg), 71 (+3 Âµmol/kg), 74 (+3 Âµmol/kg), 78 (+3 Âµmol/kg), 82 (+3 Âµmol/kg), and 83 (+3 Âµmol/kg). These corrections increased TA and, if incorrect, would have biased the TA data high. The TA data from these stations were given WOCE flag 3 (questionable, probably good). Samples with a difference between repeat analyses exceeding 5 Âµmol/kg have been given flag 3.;
Method reference: unpublished TA and DIC data. Please, contact the PI if you are interested in using these data. Data analysis is described by Bakker, Jones and Riley in: Hamersley, D.R.C &amp; E.L. McDonagh, 2009. Hydrographic sections of Drake Passage, RRS James Cook Cruise JC031. Cruise report no 30. National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK. Methods similar to Bakker, D.C.E., M.C. NielsdÃ³ttir, P.J. Morris, H.J. Venables, A.J. Watson (2007) The island mass effect and biological carbon uptake for the subantarctic Crozet Archipelago. Deep-Sea Research II, 54: 2174-2190, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.06.009.</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: CTDTMP;
Abbreviation: CTDTMP;
Unit: DEG_C;
Controlled vocabulary name: WATER TEMPERATURE;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
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Abbreviation: CTDSAL;
Controlled vocabulary name: SALINITY;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
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Abbreviation: SALNTY;
Controlled vocabulary name: SALINITY;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
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In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
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Abbreviation: OXYGEN;
Unit: UMOL/KG;
Controlled vocabulary name: DISSOLVED OXYGEN;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
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Abbreviation: SILCAT;
Unit: UMOL/KG;
Controlled vocabulary name: silicate;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
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Abbreviation: NITRAT;
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Abbreviation: PHSPHT;
Unit: UMOL/KG;
Controlled vocabulary name: phosphate;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
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Abbreviation: TCARBN;
Unit: UMOL/KG;
Controlled vocabulary name: DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC);
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: ALKALI;
Abbreviation: ALKALI;
Unit: UMOL/KG;
Controlled vocabulary name: total alkalinity;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
        </gmd:LI_Lineage>
      </gmd:lineage>
    </gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
  </gmd:dataQualityInfo>
  <gmd:dataQualityInfo>
    <gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
      <gmd:scope>
        <gmd:DQ_Scope>
          <gmd:level>
            <gmd:MD_ScopeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_ScopeCode" codeListValue="repository">repository</gmd:MD_ScopeCode>
          </gmd:level>
          <gmd:levelDescription>
            <gmd:MD_ScopeDescription>
              <gmd:other>
                <gco:CharacterString>NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:other>
            </gmd:MD_ScopeDescription>
          </gmd:levelDescription>
        </gmd:DQ_Scope>
      </gmd:scope>
      <gmd:lineage>
        <gmd:LI_Lineage>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015.</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:dateTime>
                <gco:DateTime>2015-04-22T00:00:00</gco:DateTime>
              </gmd:dateTime>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
        </gmd:LI_Lineage>
      </gmd:lineage>
    </gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
  </gmd:dataQualityInfo>
  <gmd:metadataMaintenance>
    <gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
      <gmd:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency>
        <gmd:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode" codeListValue="asNeeded">asNeeded</gmd:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode>
      </gmd:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency>
      <gmd:maintenanceNote>
        <gco:CharacterString>Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.</gco:CharacterString>
      </gmd:maintenanceNote>
      <gmd:contact>
        <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
          <gmd:organisationName>
            <gco:CharacterString>NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:organisationName>
          <gmd:role>
            <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="custodian">custodian</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
          </gmd:role>
        </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
      </gmd:contact>
    </gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
  </gmd:metadataMaintenance>
  <gmi:acquisitionInformation>
    <gmi:MI_AcquisitionInformation id="AMS">
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_beec">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>bottle</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>bottle</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>any type of water bottle sampling device

Generic name for water collection device; usually used to determine temperature, salinity and provide water aliquots for measurement of a wide range of parameters; often referred to by a specific type of water sampling bottle, such as a Nansen or Niskin bottle.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_be29">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>coulometer for DIC measurement</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>coulometer for DIC measurement</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>measures dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC)

A known amount of seawater is dispensed into a stripping chamber where it is acidified and purged with an inert gas. The amount of CO2 in the resulting gas stream is determined by absorbing the CO2 in an absorbent. The pH of the solution is monitored by measuring the transmittance .</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_bee7">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>CTD</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>CTD</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>Conductivity-Temperature-Depth probe</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_be28">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>titrator</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>titrator</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>titrator</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:platform>
        <gmi:MI_Platform id="plat_971e">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>RRS James Cook</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>Natural Environment Research Council research vessel - to be delivered in August 2006

Source:
http://www.itu.int/online/mms/mars/ship_search.sh
Ship Name Call Sign MMSI EPIRB ID code Admin. Geo. area
RRS JAMES COOK MLRM6 235010700 G G

Source:
http://www.world-register.org/
Ship name Ship type DWT Built Flag
James Cook Oceanographic/Research 2463 2006 United Kingdom

http://www.jcommops.org/soopip/
Call sign IMO Ship name Alloc. date Dealloc. date Country VOS type
MLRM6 9338242 JAMES COOK 01/01/3000 25/10/2006 GBR RV</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
          <gmi:instrument gco:nilReason="missing" />
        </gmi:MI_Platform>
      </gmi:platform>
    </gmi:MI_AcquisitionInformation>
  </gmi:acquisitionInformation>
</gmi:MI_Metadata>