These data were compiled to allow further understanding of how aboveground net primary production of different plant functional types in ecosystems along an elevation gradient in the southwestern U.S. respond to extreme changes in warm-season precipitation (drought and water addition) associated with the North American Monsoon. The objectives of the study were to 1) determine how primary production responds to warm-season precipitation extremes over time; 2) compare production sensitivities to warm-season precipitation (slopes of production – precipitation relationships) across an elevation gradient; 3) evaluate whether the sensitivity of production differed under extreme dry and wet years compared to ambient precipitation. These data represent aboveground net primary production and associated warm-season (May - September) precipitation measurements from 2015 - 2020 during a precipitation manipulation experiment carried out across a desert scrubland, desert grassland, juniper savanna, ponderosa pine meadow, and mixed conifer meadow. These data were collected on or adjacent to the San Francisco Peaks near Flagstaff, Arizona by the U.S. Geological Survey using field measurements. These data can be used to better understand how production of different plant functional types respond to changes in warm-season precipitation in the aforementioned ecosystem types.