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LEAN-Corrected DEM for Suisun Marsh

Metadata Updated: January 20, 2026

Lidar-derived digital elevation models often contain a vertical bias due to vegetation. In areas with tidal influence the amount of bias can be ecologically significant, for example, by decreasing the expected inundation frequency. We generated a corrected digital elevation mode (DEM) for Suisun marsh using a modification of the Lidar Elevation Adjustment with NDVI (LEAN) technique (Buffington et al. 2016). GPS survey data (6912 points, collected across public and private land in 2018), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from an airborne multispectral image (June 2018), a 1 m lidar DEM from September 2018, and a 1 m canopy surface model were used to generate models of predicted bias across the study domain. Due to the large differences in vegetation height and density between natural and diked wetlands, we calibrated a separate model for each cover type. The modeled predicted bias for each cover type was then subtracted from the original lidar DEM to generate a new DEM. Across all GPS points, mean initial lidar error was 22.5 cm (SD=17.5) and root-mean squared error (RMSE) was 28.5 cm. After correction with LEAN, mean error was 0 cm (SD=9.7) and RMSE was 9.7 cm, a 66 percent improvement in accuracy. Some ponds were partially flooded and had no lidar returns; to create a continuous coverage, we iteratively used the focal statistics tool with a 10 meter radius to expand the corrected elevation values into NoData areas until data gaps were covered. Large channels were masked out from the final DEM using the lidar returns and airborne imagery.

Access & Use Information

Public: This dataset is intended for public access and use. License: No license information was provided. If this work was prepared by an officer or employee of the United States government as part of that person's official duties it is considered a U.S. Government Work.

Downloads & Resources

Dates

Metadata Created Date January 11, 2026
Metadata Updated Date January 20, 2026

Metadata Source

Harvested from DOI USGS DCAT-US

Additional Metadata

Resource Type Dataset
Metadata Created Date January 11, 2026
Metadata Updated Date January 20, 2026
Publisher U.S. Geological Survey
Maintainer
Identifier http://datainventory.doi.gov/id/dataset/USGS_5d140b8ae4b0941bde59934a
Data Last Modified 2021-11-16T00:00:00Z
Category geospatial
Public Access Level public
Bureau Code 010:12
Metadata Context https://project-open-data.cio.gov/v1.1/schema/catalog.jsonld
Metadata Catalog ID https://ddi.doi.gov/usgs-data.json
Schema Version https://project-open-data.cio.gov/v1.1/schema
Catalog Describedby https://project-open-data.cio.gov/v1.1/schema/catalog.json
Datagov Dedupe Retained 20260120143730
Harvest Object Id 974d89d4-c3bf-4b71-98de-383412a6b7f8
Harvest Source Id 2b80d118-ab3a-48ba-bd93-996bbacefac2
Harvest Source Title DOI USGS DCAT-US
Metadata Type geospatial
Old Spatial {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": -122.1473, 38.0362, -122.1473, 38.2597, -121.8325, 38.2597, -121.8325, 38.0362, -122.1473, 38.0362}
Source Datajson Identifier True
Source Hash dd146111c0bff6d9d40c746524c2e5497ecacc69ac515b2fa48741024e06bb86
Source Schema Version 1.1
Spatial {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": -122.1473, 38.0362, -122.1473, 38.2597, -121.8325, 38.2597, -121.8325, 38.0362, -122.1473, 38.0362}

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