These data consist of larval fish and water profile data collected with a nearshore to offshore transect approach at 9 transects throughout Lake Huron. Larval fish and their stomach contents were identified, enumerated, and measured (if possible) using a dissecting microscope. These data were used to calculate densities of potential fish prey items (what is available in the environment) and compare that to what the fishes ate for selectivity analysis. Larval fish age estimation based on daily growth rings from otoliths was also conducted. These data are in raw form. The water profile data were collected using a bathythermograph and bin-averaged at the 1 m level. Environmental prey data are available at the following address: https://doi.org/10.5066/p9bnqppm.