This is the Data Set from a paper titled "Does Increasing the Diversity of Small Grain Cropping Systems Improve Aggregate Stability and Soil Hydraulic Properties?" The paper is published in the journal Agronomy. The doi for the paper is https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13061567. We measured wet and dry aggregate stability, water retention hydraulic conductivity, bulk density and soil carbon concentration on a dryland small grain cropping system study. This study was a dryland study located in Sidney, Montana, USA with 10 cropping systems. We sampled this study after 2 cycles of the four year cropping systems. The 10 cropping systems were continuous spring wheat, continuous winter wheat, continuous barley, pea-spring wheat, pea-barley, pea-winter wheat, pea-barley-camelina-spring wheat, pea-barley-canola-spring wheat, pea-winter wheat-camelina-spring wheat and pea-winter wheat-canola-spring wheat. We found that increasing the diversity of the cropping system did not improve the soil properties that we measured.