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BEWARE2 database: A meta-process model to assess wave-driven flooding hazards on morphologically diverse, coral reef-lined coasts

Metadata Updated: January 22, 2026

This dataset contains the reef profiles and resulting hydrodynamic outputs of the "Broad-range Estimator of Wave Attack in Reef Environments" (BEWARE-2) meta-process modeling system. A process-based, wave-resolving hydrodynamic model (XBeach Non-Hydrostatic+, "XBNH+") was used to create a large synthetic database for use in BEWARE-2, relating incident hydrodynamics and coral reef geomorphology to coastal flooding hazards on reef-lined coasts. Building on previous work, BEWARE-2 improves system understanding of reef hydrodynamics by examining the intrinsic reef and extrinsic forcing factors controlling runup and flooding on reef-lined coasts. We developed this meta-process model using a training dataset of hydrodynamics and wave runup computed by XBNH+ for 440 combinations of water level, wave height, and wave period on 195 morphologically diverse representative reef profiles. In validation, the BEWARE-2 modeling system produced runup results that had a root-mean square error of 0.63 m and bias of 0.26 m, relative to runup of 0.17 to 20.9 m simulated by XBNH+ for a large range of oceanographic forcing conditions and for a diverse reef morphologies. This relatively accurate solution is provided by the BEWARE-2 modeling system 4 to 5 orders of magnitude faster than the full, process-based hydrodynamic model and could therefore be integrated in large-scale early-warning systems for tropical, reef-lined coasts, as well as used for large-scale flood risk assessments. These data accompany the following publication: McCall, R.T., Storlazzi, C.D., Roelvink, F.E., Pearson, S.G., de Goede, R., Antolinez, J., 2024, Rapid simulation of wave runup on morphologically-diverse, reef-lined coasts with the BEWARE-2 meta-process model: Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2024-28.

Access & Use Information

Public: This dataset is intended for public access and use. License: No license information was provided. If this work was prepared by an officer or employee of the United States government as part of that person's official duties it is considered a U.S. Government Work.

Downloads & Resources

Dates

Metadata Created Date January 12, 2026
Metadata Updated Date January 22, 2026

Metadata Source

Harvested from DOI USGS DCAT-US

Additional Metadata

Resource Type Dataset
Metadata Created Date January 12, 2026
Metadata Updated Date January 22, 2026
Publisher U.S. Geological Survey
Maintainer
Identifier http://datainventory.doi.gov/id/dataset/USGS_66c4c1fcd34e03388288f885
Data Last Modified 2024-09-25T00:00:00Z
Category geospatial
Public Access Level public
Bureau Code 010:12
Metadata Context https://project-open-data.cio.gov/v1.1/schema/catalog.jsonld
Metadata Catalog ID https://ddi.doi.gov/usgs-data.json
Schema Version https://project-open-data.cio.gov/v1.1/schema
Catalog Describedby https://project-open-data.cio.gov/v1.1/schema/catalog.json
Datagov Dedupe Retained 20260122015221
Harvest Object Id 57607c2c-8e55-4d01-a8a3-4c86392c2867
Harvest Source Id 2b80d118-ab3a-48ba-bd93-996bbacefac2
Harvest Source Title DOI USGS DCAT-US
Metadata Type geospatial
Old Spatial {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": -180.00000000, -90.00000000, -180.00000000, 90.00000000, 180.00000000, 90.00000000, 180.00000000, -90.00000000, -180.00000000, -90.00000000}
Source Datajson Identifier True
Source Hash babe048dc31347f46b30457fb0b52746270cb44daa02a502fe590f50b2cd7d88
Source Schema Version 1.1
Spatial {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": -180.00000000, -90.00000000, -180.00000000, 90.00000000, 180.00000000, 90.00000000, 180.00000000, -90.00000000, -180.00000000, -90.00000000}

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